Abstract The Gulf of Finland has one the busiest shipping routes globally and is main export channel for Russian oil gas. Federation not closed its territorial sea east-west passage ships to from ports. However, it blocked over past dozen years north-south an Estonian-Finnish commercial ferry line that received Federation’s permission crossing sea. permit-based regime caused closure in 2007 rep...

We show that if a graph G with n ≥ 3 vertices can be drawn in the plane such that each of its edges is involved in at most four crossings, then G has at most 6n− 12 edges. This settles a conjecture of Pach, Radoičić, Tardos, and Tóth. As a corollary we also obtain a better bound for the Crossing Lemma which gives a lower bound for the minimum number of crossings in a drawing of a graph.

Effect of heat shock on certain meiotic parameters in Drosophila melanogaster was studied in the cv-v-f region of the X chromosome of females homozygous for mus309 mutation, deficient in DNA double-strand break repair, or being of wild type. The heat shock in the wild females caused that the frequencies of the single crossovers and all the map lengths decreased while the frequency of the double...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) by restricting the passage of molecules and microorganisms. Despite this barrier, however, the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans invades the brain, causing a meningoencephalitis that is estimated to kill over 600,000 people annually. Cryptococcal infection begins in the lung, and experimental evidence suggests that ho...

Background: Distracted walking is a major cause of pedestrian fatalities. Along with the expansion and popularity of mobile phones, their impacts on pedestrian safety, especially when crossing urban intersections have attracted a lot of attention. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of mobile-phone use on pedestrians’ crossing behavior when passing signalized intersections. Ma...

In this paper, we discuss a direct measure for aperiodic energy and periodic energy in speech signals. Most measures for aperiodicity have been indirect, such as zero crossing rate, highfrequency energy and the ratio of high-frequency energy to lowfrequency energy. Such indirect measurements will usually fail in situations where there is both strong periodic and aperiodic energy in the speech s...

Air route crossing waypoint optimization is one of the effective ways to improve airspace utilization, capacity and resilience in dealing with air traffic congestion delay. However, research lacking on multiple Crossing Waypoints (CWPs) fragmented separated by Prohibited, Restricted Dangerous areas (PRDs). To tackle this issue, paper proposes an Artificial Potential Field (APF) model considerin...

The expected value for the weighted crossing number of a randomly weighted graph is studied. A variation of the Crossing Lemma for expectations is proved. We focus on the case where the edge-weights are independent random variables that are uniformly distributed on [0, 1].

As an archipelagic country, Indonesia needs ferry transportation to connect and support the economic activities between areas bounded by sea. The famous crossing route is Merak–Bakauheni one, which connects Java Sumatra corridors. Many ships operate on this route, but limited port facilities significantly affect efficiencies of services provided, hence, they have be moved. Therefore, research a...

Seasonal long-distance migration is likely to be experienced in a contrasted manner by juvenile, immature and adult birds, leading to variations in migratory routes, timing and behaviour. We provide the first analysis of late summer movements and autumn migration in these three life stages, which were tracked concurrently using satellite tags, geolocators or GPS recorders in a long-ranging migr...