In Iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during Pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. Historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in Iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. This es...

Over the coming decades, as we navigate the end of the fossil fuel era, probably soon to be known as the carbonaceous period in human development (or more evocatively, after Yusoff [2010], the period of ‘the economy of dead animality’), we can predict with some certainty that cities will be the locus for action for whatever emerges to replace it. This is not just a recognition that more than ha...

Most Companies have an environment of disparate legacy systems, applications, processes and data sources. Maintaining legacy systems is one of the difficult challenges that modern enterprises are facing today. The commercial market provides a variety of solutions to this increasingly common problem of legacy system modernization. However, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each moder...

During legacy application to Enterprise Modernization, where the Web logs are not available and deriving Transaction slicing for the ‘n’ number of applications to forecast the Performance is extremely difficult. This involves proper well defined process flows to derive the characteristics of heterogeneous applications. The performance forecast devised has to be approved and stamped by key stake...

Dominant theories in stratification research suppose modernization processes to have caused societies to become more open. mployers are assumed to have increasingly selected from among applicants on the basis of job-related characteristics, such as their kills, rather than on characteristics unrelated to the job, such as social origin. We address this issue by studying employers’ selection rite...

Service Oriented Architecture has developed into a current paradigm for business application solutions. This development calls for a need to modernize legacy systems which store the fundamental business procedures for large organisations. The primary goal of this paper is to present a holistic evaluation strategy which can be used to assess the end product of a modernization process applied to ...

Since evolving into an established science in the 1990s, the field of information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) has seen unprecedented and fast-growing rates of publication, curriculum venues, and development projects around the globe. To this effect, ICT4D’s development literature is informed by a variety of theories (e.g., capability approach, livelihoods, participato...

Abstract The Green Revolution is often seen as epitomising the dawn of scientific and technological advancement modernity in agricultural sector across developing countries, a process that unfolded from 1940s through to 1980s. Despite time has elapsed, this episode past continues resonate today, still shapes institutions practices science technology. In Brazil, China, India, narratives science-...

This thesis elaborates the Model-Driven Software Modernization (MDSM), that has been identified by us, and is defined as a group of approaches toward modernization of legacy code. MDSM approaches are based on models, tools and processes known from the Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) that aims in automation of modernization process. This thesis describes identified MDSM approaches and related sta...