We describe a project, participated in by 24 institutions in The Netherlands and Belgium, to determine normal reference values for steroids in urine by capillary gas chromatography. Urine samples from 288 healthy volunteers were analyzed in triplicate. Reference values, expressed in mumol/24 h, were determined for androsterone, etiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 11-keto-androsterone, 11-k...

The reference values for energy intake of the German, Austrian and Swiss nutrition societies for children, adolescents and adults are derived using the factorial method. For adults, a mean BMI of 22 kg/m(2) is taken as a basis given the current mean body size for adults residing in Germany (taken from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults, DEGS1). The determination of th...

OBJECTIVES Because biological data are instrument-dependent and because technology has evolved over the last two decades, the published capillary blood reference values for blood gases, lactate, ionized calcium (iCa) and glucose may not reflect the present day situation. Hence, we report such values for healthy term neonates at 48 +/- 12 h of life. DESIGN AND METHODS The Institution Ethics Re...

The increasing disparity between executive compensation and firm performance, and outrageously high compensation levels has stimulated discussions on introduction of some form of pay regulation. The implications of such systems are however poorly understood. In this paper we investigate a specific case of introduction of executive remuneration Code in Slovenia, which provides some interesting i...

Fluoride was measured in the spontaneous urine of a group of persons (n = 397) occupationally non-exposed to fluoride. At a concentration less than 2 . 10(-4) g/kg fluoride in drinking water the mean fluoride excretion in urine is 0.61 mg/l F with an upper limit of 2.00 mg/l F. The 95-percentile of normal fluoride excretion is 1.0 mg/l F. By correcting the values for the specific gravity of 1.0...

Introduction Doppler echocardiography provides a means to non-invasively evaluate the anatomy and function of the heart, and is playing an increasingly important role in the evaluation and management of patients or animals with all forms of cardiac disease [13]. It has now become a routine for the diagnosis and evaluation of heart disease in veterinary medicine [4]. This is especially true in l...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to establish reference values for methemoglobin levels in 6 to 10-year-old children. METHODS Methemoglobin concentrations were studied in clinically healthy children. The method for methemoglobin measurement used, neither uses highly toxic chemical compounds nor expensive enzymatic methods, thus it is feasible in the laboratory routine. RESULTS The results...

To determine normal values of respiratory function for Sudanese, a randomized stratified cross-sectional study was performed on 2250 healthy Sudanese aged 7-86 years in 2002-05. Data were obtained through a questionnaire, pulmonary function testing and taking anthropometric measurements. Lung function and anthropometric measurements were correlated and regression equations were derived. Sudanes...

A comprehensive assessment of central auditory processing disorders includes parent questionnaires. The Scale of Audi tory Behaviors (SAB) was developed to evaluate the limitations and difficulties perceived by guardians of children in everyday activities.The aim of the study was to provide normative data for the SAB for Argentinian healthy children. The parents and guardians of eighty-four chi...