Alterations in the plasma water sodium concentration ([Na+]pw) result from changes in the total exchangeable sodium (Na e), total exchangeable potassium (K e), and total body water (TBW). The empirical relationship between the [Na+]pw and Na e, K e, and TBW was originally demonstrated (Edelman IS, Leibman J, O'Meara MP, and Birkenfeld LW. J Clin Invest 37: 1236-1256, 1958), where [Na+]pw = 1.11...

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between process writing (PW) and critical thinking (CT) ability of Iranian EFL learners. Furthermore, the role of PW in the enhancement of CT was investigated. In so doing, 125 upper-intermediate language learners were selected from Islamic Azad University based on convenience sampling. The results of pretest administration indicated that particip...

Objective- The aim of this study was to test the repeatability, the variability, and to establish the reference values of PW measurements in healthy Markhoz goats.Design- Retrospective study.Animals- 20 female Markhoz goats.Procedure- Using a standardized PW Doppler echocardiographic protocol, 20healthy adult unsedated female Markhoz goats were investigated three times at one-...

[1] Multiyear climate variations influence North Pacific storm intensity and resultant variations in wave energy levels. The timing of these decadal fluctuations and strong El Ni~no’s have had a strong influence on long-term trends. Here we investigate variations in the North Pacific wave power, PW, determined from WAVEWATCH III (WW3) wave model significant wave height, Hs, and peak period data...

Nguyen, Minhtri K., and Ira Kurtz. A new formula for predicting alterations in plasma sodium concentration in peritoneal dialysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288: F1113–F1117, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00387.2004.—Alterations in the plasma water sodium concentration ([Na ]pw) result from changes in the total exchangeable sodium (Nae), total exchangeable potassium (Ke), and total body water (TB...

BACKGROUND Diagnosing TIA can be difficult, since evidence of brain ischemia is habitually lacking on CT and conventional MR imaging. It has been suggested that patients with acute brain infarction on neuroimaging should be considered stroke cases instead of TIA, regardless of duration of symptoms, implying that optimal diagnostic methods need to be utilized. We therefore postulated that perfus...

Nanometric ions, such as polyoxometalates (POMs) or ionic boron clusters, with low charge density have previously shown a strong propensity to bind macrocycles and adsorb neutral surfaces: micellar, surfactant covered water–air polymer surfaces. These association phenomena were arise from solvent-mediated effect called the (super-)chaotropic effect. We show here by combining cloud point (CP) me...

A novel V-shaped polyoxotungstate is formed when Ce(IV) metal centres bridge monolacunary [PW(11)O(39)](7-) anions to an unusual 1,4-bilacunary [PW(10)O(38)](11-) anion which appears with an unprecedented bridging structural motif.

conclusions this study confirmed the efficacy of pw lllt on biomechanical strength, trabecular bone volume, callus volume, and osteoblast number of repairing callus in a complete tibial osteotomy animal model at a relatively late stage of the bone healing process. materials and methods this experimental study was conducted at shahid beheshti university of medical sciences in tehran, iran. we pe...