The Mars Program Plan includes an integrated and coordinated set of future candidate missions and investigations that meet fundamental science objectives of NASA and the Mars Exploration Program (MEP). At the time this paper was written, these possible future missions are planned in a manner consistent with a projected budget profile for the Mars Program in the next decade (2007-2016). As with ...

Policymakers are concerned that some rural hospitals have suffered significant losses under the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) of 1997 and that access to inpatient and emergency care may be at risk. This article projects that the median total profit margin for rural hospitals will fall from 4 percent in 1997 to between 2.5 and 3.7 percent after the BBA, Balanced Budget Refinement Act (BBRA) of 1999,...

1.1 The national budget is a plan which spells out the socio-economic development agenda of the government and reflects its highest level of political commitment in a given year. As such, it identifies sources of revenue and allocates expenditures to government programs based on the priorities in the development agenda. For 2008, the proposed total expenditure program amounts to P1.227 trillion...

Enforcement of policy is typically delegated. What sort of mission should the head of an enforcement program be given? When there is more than one firm being regulated the firms’ decision problems – otherwise completely separate – become linked in a way that depends on that mission. Under some sorts of missions firms compete to avoid the attention of the enforcer by competitive reductions in th...

In the literature, the study of price subsidies of new technologies has focused on the tactical problem of achieving maximum penetration under a budget constraint over a short horizon. In practice, such tactical, short-termpenetration objectives seemboth to adequately reflect the structure ofmany price subsidy programs (e.g., solar energy), and account for their high failure rate. The present p...

This study aims to discuss approaches to assessing the value of medicines. Economic evaluation assesses value by means of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Health is maximized by selecting medicines with increasing ICERs until the budget is exhausted. The budget size determines the value of the threshold ICER and vice versa. Alternatively, the threshold value can be inferred from...

Objectives: To determine the factors associated with the use and impact of performance data relevant to women’s health. Methods: We developed a survey on six levels of information use based on Knott and Wildavsky’s (1980) policy utilization framework and used this survey to determine Ontario hospital administrators’ use of women’s health report indicators. We related responses to this survey to...

We proposed a mixed-integer program to model the management of C. trachomatis infections in women visiting publicly funded family planning clinics. We intended to maximize the number of infected women cured of C. trachomatis infections. The model incorporated screening, re-screening, and treatment options for three age groups with respective age-specific C. trachomatis infection and re-infectio...

In reoent years, a comprehensive picture of social aecwity expenditures zn the Federal Republic of Germany kaa been presented in the form of a “social report” to Parliament-a format that appears useful for presenting current aoczal welfare issues to the legialatrtrc and the public. This article gives the background of the reports and looha at those for 1970 aud 1971 in partzcular. It deacrlbea ...