This paper investigates the potential implications of valuation error for the accuracy of investment performance measures of property portfolios. Previous empirical research on valuation error is reviewed It is argued that there is considerable evidence to suggest that valuations are prone to error. A simulation approach is used to model the effects of valuation error on a number of hypothetica...

In today’s world, no one can deny the expansion of economic influence in the various aspects of social life and economization of immaterial issues of social life is becoming more obvious every day. The valuation of cultural goods, as one of the most important economic aspects related to arts and culture, is chosen to be considered in this study. The necessity of considering the economic valuat...

Abstract. We say that an integer n is k–free (k ≥ 2) if for every prime p the valuation vp(n) < k. If f : N → Z, we consider the enumerating function S f (x) defined as the number of positive integers n ≤ x such that f(n) is k–free. When f is the identity then S f (x) counts the k–free positive integers up to x. We review the history of S f (x) in the special cases when f is the identity, the c...

This paper verifies a result of [9] concerning graphoidal structure of Shenoy’s notion of independence for Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. Shenoy proved that his notion of independence has graphoidal properties for positive normal valuations. The requirement of strict positive normal valuations as prerequisite for application of graphoidal properties excludes a wide class of DS beli...

Let R be a local ring of bounded module type. It is shown that R is an almost maximal valuation ring if there exists a non-maximal prime ideal J such that R/J is an almost maximal valuation domain. We deduce from this that R is almost maximal if one of the following conditions is satisfied: R is a Q-algebra of Krull dimension ≤ 1 or the maximal ideal of R is the union of all non-maximal prime i...

Assortment optimization refers to the problem of designing a slate of products to offer potential customers, such as stocking the shelves in a convenience store. The price of each product is fixed in advance, and a probabilistic choice function describes which product a customer will choose from any given subset. We introduce the combinatorial assortment problem, where each customer may select ...

The divisor function σ(n) denotes the sum of divisors positive integer n. For a prime p and m∈N, p-adic valuation m is highest power which divides m. Formulas for νp(σ(n)) are established. p=2, these involve only odd primes dividing These expressions used to establish bound ν2(σ(n))≤⌈log2⁡(n)⌉, with equality if n product distinct Mersenne primes, an p, νp(σ(n))≤⌈logp⁡(n)⌉, related solutions Lju...