We determined the three-dimensional structure of the crust and upper mantle off the Boso Peninsula, Japan, by analyzing seismograms recorded by ocean-bottom seismometers and land stations between 2011 and 2013. We employed seismic tomography to determine the Pand S-wave velocity structures and earthquake locations simultaneously. The tomographic image shows that the mantle parts of the Pacific ...

We investigated phylogeography of Philippine slender toads (genus Ansonia) and used a temporal framework for diversification, statistical tests of alternate topologies, and Bayesian approaches to test previous hypotheses concerning dispersal to, and colonization routes within, the southern Philippine island of Mindanao. Two species of Ansonia previously have been documented, with ranges separat...

The PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are being circulated in a limited number of copies only for purposes of soliciting comments and suggestions for further refinements. The studies under the Series are unedited and unreviewed. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect th...

The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the OneHealth Tool (OHT) to help low and middle income countries to develop their capacities for sector-wide priority setting. In 2016, we sought to use the OHT to aid the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC), the national health insurer of the Philippines, in decisions to expand benefit packages using cost-effectiveness analyses. With tech...

This research seeks to quantify the extent that discrimination can explain the gender wage gap in the Philippine labor market. Today, it is fairly well established that women trail behind men in many domains in developing countries, and that this can potentially have far-reaching impacts on human and economic development. On average, women earn significantly less than men in the Philippines. It...

Analysis of external morphological characters, color pattern, and DNA sequence data, plus consideration of biogeographical patterns, leads us to the hypothesis that the Parvoscincus decipiens complex of Philippine forest skinks consists of a minimum of eight highly divergent, phenotypically distinct, cohesive evolutionary lineages. We rectify this taxonomic underestimation of species diversity ...

Ever since Constantino’s (1965) study on the different sentence patterns of Philippine languages appeared, most of the studies regarding the sentence structure only dealt with the problem in pure syntactic terms. In fact, Constantino’s classic paper merely listed the different types of sentences that are found in the various Philippine languages. The most recent study on Tagalog gave an attempt...

Pronominal orientation is widely argued to be universal component of human languages. Meanwhile, the pronominal system of Philippine languages (henceforth, PL) has always been an obscure subject of investigation. With approximately 150 living languages, the structures of pronominals are just as many. This study attempts to explicate the grammatical functions, along with other known phenomena su...

Dillenia philippinensis ROLFE, known as katmon in most of the local Philippine languages, belongs to the family Dilleniaceae of which there are approximately 120 species. The species D. philippinensis is endemic to the Philippine islands, common in forests at low and medium altitudes. Many Dillenia species are used in traditional medicine for various conditions, such as cancer, diarrhea and art...