Micro-electronic devices are increasingly incorporating miniature multi-layered integrated architectures. However, the localization of faults in three-dimensional structure remains challenging. This study involved the experimental and numerical estimation of the depth of a thermally active heating source buried in multi-layered silicon wafer architecture by using both phase information from an ...

BACKGROUND Different suspension systems that are used within prosthetic devices may alter the distribution of pressure inside the prosthetic socket in lower limb amputees. This study aimed to compare the interface pressure of a new magnetic suspension system with the pin/lock and Seal-In suspension systems. METHODS Twelve unilateral transtibial amputees participated in the study. The subjects...

Phase locked loops (PLLs) are frequently used in Software Defined Radios (SDR) for carrier recovery and symbol timing synchronization. Unfortunately, conventional PLLs can function correctly only when the frequency offset remains within a relatively small and limited range. This limited lock range is a direct consequence of the inability of the phase detector to resolve any phase error that lie...

One of the adverse impacts of scintillation on GNSS signals is the loss of lock status, which can lead to GNSS geometry and visibility reductions that compromise the accuracy and integrity of navigation performance. In this paper the loss of lock based on ionosphere scintillation in this solar maximum phase has been well investigated with respect to both temporal and spatial behaviors, based on...

We demonstrate phase lock of two > 1.6W Titanium:sapphire lasers with a phase noise of -138 dBc/Hz at 1MHz from the carrier, using an intra-cavity electro-optic phase modulator. The residual phase variance is 2.5 × 10 rad integrated from 1Hz to 10 kHz. Instantaneous offset frequency steps of up to 4MHz are achieved within 200 ns. Simultaneous atom interferometers can make full use of this ultra...

Electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence is a mixture of phase locking interrupted by phase shifts in the spontaneous EEG. Average reference, Laplacian transforms, and independent component (ICA) reconstruction of time series can distort physiologically generated phase differences and invalidate the computation of coherence and phase differences as well as in the computation of directed coherence a...