The phase-transition temperatures of an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) with the (GVGVP)40 sequence and solvent dipolarity/polarizability, hydrogen-bond donor acidity, and hydrogen-bond acceptor basicity in its aqueous solutions were quantified in the absence and presence of different salts (Na2SO4, NaCl, NaClO4, and NaSCN) and various osmolytes (sucrose, sorbitol, trehalose, and trimethylamine ...

The influence of three sugar osmolytes on the refolding of guanidine hydrochloride- (GdnHCl-) denatured trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase of Bacillus licheniformis (BlTreA) was studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectra, fluorescence emission spectra, and the recovery of enzymatic activity. These experimental results clearly indicated that sorbitol, sucrose, and trehalose at a concentration of 0....

Proteins' thermal stabilization is a significant problem in various biomedical, biotechnological, and technological applications. We investigated thermal stability of hen egg white lysozyme in aqueous solutions of the following stabilizing osmolytes: Glycine (GLY), N-methylglycine (NMG), N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG), N,N,N-trimethylglycine (TMG), and trimethyl-N-oxide (TMAO). Results of CD-UV spec...

A variety of physiological and pathological factors induce cellular swelling in the brain. Changes in cell volume activate several types of ion channels, which mediate the release of inorganic and organic osmolytes and allow for compensatory cell volume decrease. Volume-regulated anion channels (VRAC) are thought to be responsible for the release of some of organic osmolytes, including the exci...

PURPOSE Many cataractogenic stresses also induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in lens epithelial cells (LECs), which appears to be one of the universal inducers of cell death. In galactosemic rats, activation of ER stress results in the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR)-dependent death pathway, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell death. All are induced and...

Moeckel, Gilbert W., Li Zhang, Xiwu Chen, Michele Rossini, Roy Zent, and Ambra Pozzi. Role of integrin 1 1 in the regulation of renal medullary osmolyte concentration. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290: F223–F231, 2006. First published August 16, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00371.2004.—The mechanism by which cells sense extracellular tonicity and trigger the accumulation of protective organic osmol...

The role of morpho-physiological attributes along with the antioxidant potential Stipagrostis plumosa L. populations collected from arid regions in adaptability to aridity was evaluated. Root shoot length, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and organic osmolytes (total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, glycinebetaine, proline) increased more activities enzymes (APX, CAT, POD, SOD). fresh:dry wei...

Hwang GS, Yang JY, Ryu DH, Kwon TH. Metabolic profiling of kidney and urine in rats with lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by H-NMR-based metabonomics. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 298: F461–F470, 2010. First published November 18, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00389.2009.—Lithium (Li) treatment for bipolar affective disorders is associated with a variety of renal side effects. The meta...

Osmolytes are an integral part of living organism, e.g., the kidney uses sorbitol, trimethylglycine, taurine and myo-inositol to counter the deleterious effects of urea and salt. Therefore, knowing that the osmolytes' act either directly to the protein or mediated through water is of great importance. Our experimental and computational results show that protecting osmolytes, e.g., trimethylglyc...