Biomass was used as reducing agent to roast the Baotou low-grade limonite in a high temperature vacuum atmosphere furnace. The effect of calcination temperature, time and ratio of reducing agent on the magnetic properties of calcined ore was studied by VSM. The phase and microstructure changes of limonite before and after calcination were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The results show that in the ro...

The extensively used shaft furnace in the ore concentration industry is an important facility that turns the weak-magnetic low-grade hematite ore into strong-magnetic one. During the operation of the shaft furnace roasting process, the optimal control objective is to control the technique indices, namely the magnetic tube recovery ratio (MTRR) that represents the quality, the efficiency, and th...

Application of gravity and magnetic separation methods to upgrade low grade Manganese ores from Venaj Mine has been reported elsewhere. This paper discusses the results of flotation tests, as well as combination of flotation and magnetic method to concentrate fine particles (less than 150 microns) of manganese ore. Results obtained from various direct and reverse flotation tests, using differen...

Understanding uncertainty in resource models is a significant requirement of ore deposit evaluation. Uncertainty analysis allows the modeller to explicitly quantify the risk around their estimate, along with provide high/low estimates for mine design, assess project up/down-side, model financial forecasts, and reconcile the deposit after mining. Geostatistical simulation is one method that can ...

Bioleaching is technologically feasible for extraction of manganese from low grade ores (containing manganese less than 35% by weight). The principle involves the non-enzymatic reduction of pyrolusite [Mn(IV) oxides] to +2 oxidation state by fungi with the production of metabolites such as oxalic acid and citric acid. In the present investigation, a fungal strain, Penicillium citrinum was isola...

An orebody model constitutes a threedimensional accumulation of mining units (blocks). The available metal content in a mining unit and the economic parameters, such as metal price, mining cost, processing cost, marketing or selling cost, as well as the metallurgical recovery, are used to calculate the economic value of a particular mining block. A mining block with a positive value is classifi...

the massive sulphide deposit at kantienpan cu-zn mine is hosted by volcano sedimentary succession known as the areachap group, in the eastern part of namaqua metamorphic province, south africa. the deposits were affected by a complex deformation and metamorphic history and represent examples of upper amphibolite to granulite grade metamorphosed volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (vhms) depo...

The process of developing an iron ore mine from exploration data through to informed mining decisions provides an example of a Complex Adaptive System. The detailed composition of an ore body (expressed as a “block model” of regularly spaced rectangular blocks) has to be estimated from initially sparse exploration data, based upon a limited number of drill holes. As planning proceeds, the data ...

Traditional optimization of open pit mine design is a crucial component mining endeavors and influenced by many variables. The critical factor in the geological uncertainty, which relates to ore grade. To deal with uncertainties related block economic values blocks general problem optimization, under unknown conditions, best ultimate limits pushback designs are produced minimum cut algorithm. p...

The new copper processing plant of the Sarcheshmeh copper complex consists of two parallel circuits. After a primary crushing, the ore is sent to a SAG mill, and the product is further ground in a ball mill. The overflow of the hydrocyclones is fed to a flotation circuit that contains 8 rougher tank cells (RCS130), 3 cleaner cells (RCS50), 5 scavenger cells (RCS50), and a flotation column (as r...