In recent years, interactive ray tracing has become a reality, although mainly by using clustered workstations and sophisticated acceleration structures. On non-clustered computer architectures this is still not an easy task, especially when rendering animated scenes, even though the computation power of modern workstations is increasing rapidly. In this paper we propose known image-space rende...

Intraplate volcanism initiated shortly after the cessation of Cenozoic seafloor spreading in the South China Sea (SCS) region, but the full extent of its influence on the Indochina block has not been well constrained. Here we present major and trace element data and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope ratios of late Cenozoic basaltic lavas from the Khorat plateau and some volcanic centers in the Paleozoic Sukh...

The garnet amphibolites, from the Akom II area in Archaean Congo Craton, were examined to determine geochemical affinity and tectonic environment. study uses mineral assemblages whole-rock geochemistry identify setting of amphibolites associated with monzogabbro pyroxenites. studied rocks are amphibolites. Mineralogically, contain hornblende + plagioclase ± quartz epidote apatite opaque, indic...

Abstract. Although snow depth on sea ice is a key parameter for thickness (SIT) retrieval, there currently does not exist reliable estimations. In the Arctic, nearly all SIT products use climatology (the modified Warren-99 climatology, W99m) constructed from in situ data obtained prior to first significant impacts of climate change. Antarctic, lack information remains major obstacle development...

Pyroxene is the chief reservoir of Fe 3+ in upper mantle peridotite, but experiments exploring pyroxene/melt partitioning ( D Fe3+ pyx/liq ) have been restricted to 100 kPa and pyroxene with low alumina. Here we present between clinopyroxenes (cpx) mafic melt at elevated pressures (1–2.5 GPa). Experiments were conducted f O2 buffered modulated by Ru + RuO 2 Fe-Pt alloy capsules, respectively, Δ...

The Piquiri Syenite Massif, southernmost Brazil, is part of the post-collisional magmatism related to the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano-Pan-African Orogenic Cycle. The massif is about 12 km in diameter and is composed of syenites, granites, monzonitic rocks and lamprophyres. Diopside-phlogopite, diopside-biotite-augite-calcic-amphibole, are the main ferro-magnesian paragenesis in the syenitic rocks...

Accumulation of snow and ice over time result in ice sheet layers. These can be remotely sensed where there is a contrast in electromagnetic properties, which reflect variations of the ice density, acidity and fabric orientation. Internal ice layers are assumed to be isochronous, deep beneath the ice surface, and parallel to the direction of ice flow. The distribution of internal layers is rela...

Pumice samples from Fukutoku-oka-no-ba in the Izu±Bonin ± Mariana (IBM) arc were analysed for 40 trace elements and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions. These samples are shoshonites (59.4±61.8 wt% SiO2), characterized by high contents of K2O (3.74±4.64 wt%), Ba (1274±1540 p.p.m.), Rb (91±105 p.p.m.), and light rare earth elements. The characteristics of alkali-element enrichment are similar t...