When logic upsets affect machine words representing variables in programs, it is possible to consider their effect in terms of the numeric magnitude of the value deviation they induce. This is a result of the semantic interpretation that the bit-level layout of different language data types imposes. When some distribution of value deviations in variables may be acceptable, it is possible to con...

ion Tests A careful examination of the heart rate data indicates that most of it has the following form: "8/16/93 23:24:44" 176 "8/16/93 23:26:04" 175 "8/16/93 23:26:24" 176 "8/16/93 23:26:44" 175 "8/16/93 23:27:02" 176 In other words, most of the changes from one reading to the next were insignificant. A more rigorous analysis of the heart rate data indicates that there were no two consecutive...

OBJECTIVE Computational models of identification and relative comparison tasks performed on color-coded data visualizations were presented and evaluated against two experiments. In this context, the possibility of a dual-use color scale, useful for both tasks, was explored, and the use of the legend was a major focus. BACKGROUND Multicolored scales are superior to ordered brightness scales fo...

Reasoning with uncertain information is a problem of key importance when dealing with information about the real world. Obtaining the precise numbers required by many uncertainty handling formalisms can be a problem. The theory of rough sets makes it possible to handle uncertainty without the need for precise numbers, and so has some advantages in such situations. This paper presents an introdu...

The repertory grid has proved a useful tool for knowledge elicitation, yet its ‘flat’ entityattribute-value-value structure seems to preclude its use in developing the hierarchical knowledge structures common in semantic networks. However, it is known that general knowledge representation schemes, such as those of KL-ONE type systems, can be represented as an entity--attribute-value matrix in w...

Many data mining algorithms require numeric, preferably normalized (scaled) data i.e. within specific ranges. Agriculture data by default is non-numeric or nominal in nature. Different techniques are available for mapping from nominal to numeric values, and the selection depends on the problem at hand and the mining tool to be used. However, most (if not all) the techniques are based on the sta...

IV Proposed Text for the Standard 7 26.6 Interval numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 26.6.1 Header synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 26.6.2 interval class template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 26.6.3 interval numeric specializations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

We introduce a systematic approach to designing summarizing abstract numeric domains from existing numeric domains. Summarizing domains use summary dimensions to represent potentially unbounded collections of numeric objects. Such domains are of benefit to analyses that verify properties of systems with an unbounded number of numeric objects, such as shape analysis, or systems in which the numb...