Bovine Viral Diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important viral pathogen of cattle causing several clinical syndromes. There are usually no pathognomonic clinical signs of BVDV infection. Diagnostic investigations therefore rely on serological detection and virus isolation. Nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) as immunogenic protein of BVDV is genetically and antigenically conserved among different isolates....

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural (NS) 3/4A protein complex inhibits the retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) pathway by proteolytically cleaving mitochondria-associated CARD-containing adaptor protein Cardif, and this leads to reduced production of beta interferon (IFN-beta). This study examined the expression of CCL5 (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted,...

Molecular characterization of cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain CP Rit, a temperature-sensitive strain widely used for vaccination, revealed that the viral genomic RNA is about 15.2 kb long, which is about 2.9 kb longer than the one of noncytopathogenic (noncp) BVDV strains. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of parts of the genome resulted in the identifica...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of sequence variability between different genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the antigenic properties of the NS3 proteins, and to evaluate the significance of the proteins in the serological diagnosis. METHODS The recombinant expression plasmids of pET/NS3-1 and pET/NS3-6 were constructed with the NS3 region fragments from HCV genotypes 1 and 6, respec...

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) contains amino acid sequence motifs typical of ATPase and RNA helicase proteins. In order to examine the RNA helicase activity of the HGV NS3 protein, the NS3 region (amino acids 904 to 1580) was fused with maltose-binding protein (MBP), and the fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified with amylose resin and anion-exchan...

Aim The goal of this paper is to introduce a perspective view the formation and application evidence-based management approach investigators, managers policymakers as how different determinants managerial-decision processes can be more effectively linked for salient healthcare organizations. Methods a...

Background: IgE and IgG4 are implicated in atopic development clinically utilized as major biomarkers. Atopic responses following certain pathogens, such Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), are currently an area of interest for further research. The aim this study is to measure the level IgE, IgG<ns3:sub...

Flaviviral NS3 is a multifunctional protein displaying N-terminal protease activity in addition to C-terminal helicase, nucleoside 5'-triphosphatase (NTPase), and 5'-terminal RNA triphosphatase (RTPase) activities. NS3 is held to support the separation of RNA daughter and template strands during viral replication. In addition, NS3 assists the initiation of replication by unwinding the RNA secon...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. The HCV RNA genome is translated into a single polyprotein. Most of the cleavage sites in the non-structural (NS) polyprotein region are processed by the NS3/NS4A serine protease. The vital NS2-NS3 cleavage is catalyzed by the NS2 autoprotease. For efficient processing at the NS2/NS3 site, the NS2 cysteine protease...

Background: Photocatalytic air purifiers based on nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2) visible light activation provide an efficient solution for removing and degrading contaminants in air. The potential detachment of TiO2 particles from the purifier to indoor could cause a safety concern. A release was measured one commercially availabl...