Estrogen and progestin are involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. Change in nm23-H1 expression and the PIK3/AKT pathway are involved in carcinogenesis, development, invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancers. Therefore, it is critical to understand the signaling pathways that regulate hormone-induced cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer. We investigated nm23-H1, AKT and pAKT expression by...

BACKGROUND Nm23 protein is a metastasis suppressor protein, expressed in all tissues. Reduced Nm23 expression is related to a high incidence of lymph node and distant metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with cancers. The present study was done to analyze the expression of Nm23 using immunohistochemistry in non-neoplastic and neoplastic breast lesions. METHODS Sections from 93 samples we...

Tumor progression to the metastatic phenotype is accompanied in certain cell types by reduced expression of the nm23 gene. We have localized human nm23-H1 to chromosome 17 by somatic cell hybrid analysis. Regional localization in the CEPH database and in situ hybridization is reported. Somatic allelic deletion of nm23-H1 was observed in human breast, renal, colorectal, and lung carcinoma DNA sa...

Regulatory influence of the G-quadruplex or G4 motif present within the nuclease hypersensitive element (NHE) in the promoter of c-MYC has been noted. On the other hand, association of NM23-H2 to the NHE leads to c-MYC activation. Therefore, NM23-H2 interaction with the G4 motif within the c-MYC NHE presents an interesting mechanistic possibility. Herein, using luciferase reporter assay and chr...

Abstract nm23 gene expression has been inversely correlated with tumor metastatic potential in certain tumors including melanomas, breast carcinomas, and hepatocellular carcinomas. The cellular mechanisms by which the nm23 protein may directly or indirectly modulate the metastatic phenotype is not yet known. Because cell motility plays an essential role in metastatic dissemination, we have stud...

The metastasis suppressor activity of nm23/nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase was assessed using human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines. When the expression of nm23/NDP kinase was compared among several SCC cell lines, nm23-H2/NDP kinase B gene product, but not nm23-HI/NDP kinase A gene product, was reduced in the metastatic cells. Transfection of nm23-H2 into the metastatic SCC c...

Nm23/NDP kinases are multifunctional enzymes involved in the general homeostasis of triphosphate nucleosides. Numerous studies have shown that NDPKs also serve as regulatory factors of various cell activities, not always connected to nucleotide phosphorylation. In particular, the nme-1 gene, encoding the NM23-1/NDPKA protein, has been reported as a metastasis suppressor gene. This activity was ...

Metastasis of cancer cells from the primary tumor is associated with poor prognosis and decreased overall survival. One protein implicated in inhibiting metastasis is the tumor metastasis suppressor nonmetastatic protein 23 homologue 1 (NM23-H1). NM23-H1 is a multifunctional protein, which, in addition to limiting metastasis, has DNase and histidine protein kinase activities. We have identified...

PURPOSE Long-term elevation of metastasis suppressor gene expression in micrometastases represents a novel therapeutic strategy for breast and other cancers. We searched for well-tolerated compounds that could elevate Nm23 metastasis suppressor expression in metastatic human breast cancer cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells were treated with ...

Metastasis of various malignant cells is inversely related to the abundance of the Nm23-H1 protein. The role of estrogens in tumor metastasis has now been investigated by examining the effect of E2 on the expression of the Nm23-H1 gene. Three human breast carcinoma cell lines, in which endogenous ER is expressed at different levels, were used as a tool to assess the role of ER in Nm23-H1 gene-m...