Abstract Applying mutation testing to test subtle program changes, such as patches or other small-scale code modifications, requires using mutants that capture the delta of altered behaviours. To address this issue, we introduce concept commit-relevant mutants, which are interact with behaviours system affected by a particular commit. Therefore, commit-aware testing, is assessment metric tailor...

Background/Aims : Emergence of tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) motif in reverse transcriptase is a serious problem chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients after Lamivudine (LAM) therapy. However, the relationship between inflammation pharmacological reaction and YMDD mutational patterns CHB has not been well-characterized. The aim this study was to investigate different mutants patient...

Abstract Background The Spo0B-associated GTP-binding protein (Obg) GTPase, has diverse and important functions in bacteria, including morphological development, DNA replication ribosome maturation. Homologs of the Bacillus subtilis Obg have been also found chloroplast Oryza sativa , but their primary roles remain unknown. Results We clarify that OsObgC1 is a functional homolog AtObgC. mutant ob...

The p21-GTPase-activated protein kinases (PAKs) participate in signal transduction downstream of Rho GTPases, which are regulated by GTPase-activating proteins (Rho-GAP). Herein, we characterized two orthologous Rho-GAPs (AoRga1 and AoRga2) PAKs (AoPak1 AoPak2) through bioinformatics analysis reverse genetics Arthrobotrys oligospora , a typical nematode-trapping (NT) fungus. transcription analy...

Abstract. Nofiani R, Rizky, Briliantoro Ardiningsih P. 2021. Anti-bacteria and toxicity potential of a rare Actinobacterium Pseudonocardia sp. SM1A, isolated from Mangrove Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 453-458. This study aimed to identify evaluate antibacterial activities mangrove mud, Mempawah District, Kalimantan. The mud sample was inoculated on ISP4 agar dissolved wit...

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the profiles patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and an SLC22A1 gene mutation in order evaluate effect metformin pharmacogenetics.
 Methods: To assess pharmacogenetics, a T2DM receiving investigated. Blood samples were taken from 50 diabetics Minangkabau ethnicity who met inclusion criteria, SNP genotyping blood glucose levels determi...

Specification-based testing methods generate test data without the knowledge of structure program. However, quality these are not well ensured to detect bugs when non-functional changes introduced To effectively, we propose a new method that combines formal specifications with genetic algorithm (GA). In this method, reformed by GA in order be used input values can kill as many mutants target pr...

Mutation testing is a technique that changes code instructions to assess the quality of automated software tests. Industry has not broadly adopted because execution and analysis times are too long considered worth effort. To change this, variation called “extreme mutation testing” emerged, which mutates whole methods instead instructions. The extreme variant trades accuracy for speed gains also...

Abstract Sleep and arousal are both important for animals. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) has long been found to promote sleep in mammals, an apparent paradox which also exist flies, causing much confusion understanding arousal. Here, we have systematically studied all 13 ACh receptors (AChRs) Drosophila understand mechanisms underlying function We that exogenous stimuli-induced was d...

The rise of more-transmissible viral mutants demands new ways to prevent, detect, track and treat SARS-CoV-2 infections.