Pericardial disorders occurring in connective tissue diseases are not uncommon and may present as acute or chronic pericarditis with or without an effusion. In many instances, a diagnosis of pericardial involvement is not found until autopsy. Echocardiography and other currently employed radiographic techniques have enhanced the ability to make a diagnosis. Approximate frequencies of common con...

Connective Tissue Disease (CTD) is an autoimmune disease involving connective tissues, including sjogren syndrome (pSS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), mixed tissue (MCTD), lupus erythematosus (SLE), etc. [1,2]. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) refers to a pathological condition in which the pulmonary artery pressure rises above certain threshold, causing right heart ...