Methods are presented to incorporate polymer-based bioactive matrices into micro-fabricated implantable microelectrode arrays. Using simple techniques, hydrogels infused with bioactive molecules are deposited within wells in the substrate of the device. This method allows local drug delivery without increasing the footprint of the device. In addition, each well can be loaded individually, allow...

Planar microelectrode arrays can be used to characterize the dynamics of networks of neurons reconstituted in vitro. In this paper simulations related to experiments of the electrical activity recording by means of planar arrays of microtransducers coupled to networks of neurons are described. First a detailed model of single and synaptically connected neurons is given, appropriate to computer ...

New relations for and interrelations between the current responses of different microelectrode arrays are presented. Interdigitated microelectrode arrays (IDAs: alternating cathodes and anodes) and uniform microband electrode arrays (MEAs: only cathodes or anodes) are treated, and miniaturized systems with planar band electrodes or hemicylinder electrodes are discussed. A common basis was found...

We report a new fabrication technique for realizing a high-density penetrating metal microelectrode array intended for acute multipleunit neural recordings. The microelectrode array consists of multiple metal (Permalloy, Ni80Fe20) shanks projecting from a silicon supporting bulk. Neuron recording sites are located at the tip of each shank. The average distance between recording sites is 50 μm. ...

Adaptation is a very general and basic phenomenon in biological information processing, covering a broad range from gain control to "fatigue". Adaptation provides an active mechanism for efficient data compression by removal of redundancy: encoding changes of properties rather than the properties themselves allows the visual system to acquire, transmit, process and store information in a highly...

The performance of metal microelectrodes for stimulating and recording neuronal action potentials depends on precise control of their geometrical, electrical and mechanical properties. We describe a combination of materials whose properties approach fundamental physical limitations on achievable performance and reproducible fabrication techniques that provide probes with very small dimensions. ...

in this work, ito/pet (indium tin oxide / polyethylene terephthalate) electrode structure which provides biocompatibility, mechanical stability and flexibility is fabricated. flexible ito/pet implantable electrode array for a retina has been developed. the electrode array is fabricated on a thin pet/ito substrate and is encapsulated using, su-8, an insulating material. pet substrate and su-8 po...

In this research, a high performance silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (transconductance as high as 34 µS and sensitivity as 84 nS/mV) is extensively studied and directly compared with planar passive microelectrode arrays for neural recording application. Electrical and electrochemical characteristics are carefully characterized in a very well-controlled manner. We especially focused on ...

In this manuscript, we describe a biocompatible organic electrode system, comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) microelectrode arrays on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, that can be used to regulate the neuron type, location, polarity, and outgrown length of neuron-like cells (PC-12). We fabricated a PEDOT microelectrode array with four different sizes (flat; 20, 50, and 100 μm) thro...

Nanostructured Porous Silicon Scaffolds for Enhanced Biocompatibility of Multichannel Microelectrodes Stefanie Joy Hallman Karen Moxon, Ph.D. Many different types of microelectrodes have been developed for use as a direct Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) to chronically record singleneuron action potentials from ensembles of neurons and control an effector. For example, a BMI device designed for hu...