The algorithm for the control of the jamming avoidance response (JAR) of Eigenmannia has been the subject of debate for over two decades. Two competing theories have been proposed to explain how fish determine the correct direction to shift their pacemaker frequency during jamming. One theory emphasizes the role of time-asymmetric beat envelopes, while the other emphasizes the role of amplitude...

TO THE EDITOR: In the frame of the Point:Counterpoint debate on cardiovascular variability analysis (5), the utility of non-linear tools has been highlighted (1). Actually, complexity-based and non-linear techniques allow aspects of cardiovascular dynamics hardly quantified by traditional approaches to be described, as recently shown (4). Notwithstanding research on these methods started long a...

Heart rate (HR) irregularities in chick embryos were defined as large fluctuations (>10 beats/min) comprising irregular, brief deceleration and/or acceleration of instantaneous HR (IHR). IHR was determined directly from the arterial blood pressure while adequate gas exchange was maintained through an eggshell and chorioallantoic membrane. Five embryos were examined on each day from day 11 to da...

Speakers tend to mark boundaries of larger prosodic units with glottalization and the deceleration of articulation rate. In the present study, the final parts of Hungarian read and spontaneous utterances were analyzed in the temporal domain (compared to the other parts of the utterances) and in terms of glottalization. We investigated how glottalization and deceleration are related to each othe...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the affective modulation of the Stimulus-Preceding Negativity (SPN) and heart rate changes in anticipation of visual stimuli differing in emotional content. A S1-S2 task was employed with a word (S1) indicating the content of a subsequent emotional picture (S2). Both valence and arousal dimensions were manipulated by presenting positive and negati...

Heterochrony, the phylogenic change in the time of developmental events or rate of development, has been thought to play an important role in producing phenotypic novelty during evolution. Increasing evidence suggests that specific genes are implicated in heterochrony, guiding the process of developmental divergence, but no quantitative models have been instrumented to map such heterochrony gen...