this paper has investigated mamluks egypt`s militarism influence on rook of hesam al-din & nasser qalawoon. the authors have concluded in this study that the generalissimo and military officers due to the monopoly on their extensive apanage areas and abundant revenues could limit the power of the sultan and even to the throne have greed sometimes; because much of the land, i.e 20 carats of 24 c...

Abstract A sustained relationship between Cairo, Egypt more broadly, and eastern Ethiopia appears to have existed, particularly in the Ayyubid Mamluk periods. In general absence of historical sources, it is archaeology that provides primary insight into how why this was maintained, over twelfth thirteenth centuries. This considered through archaeological data from trading entrepot Harlaa with p...

The article deals with the issue around list of Osman's Quran (Mushaf ʻUthman) in history Golden Horde. On basis information from medieval Arabic sources, it is proved that one copies was presented to Horde ruler Berke by Mamluk Sultan Egypt Baybars as a sign friendship and respect for fact Khan became Muslim spread traditions Islam territory this mysterious, many scientists religious figures t...

Almost any survey of medieval Islamic history will cover the figure Shajar al-Durr (“Tree Pearls” in Arabic), who was one fewwomen to hold title Sultan, and only do so began her life as a slave. She is also well known pivotal Egyptian politics, she marked transition between Saladin’s Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1250 CE) Mamluk sultanate (1250–1517 CE). However, works that analyze al-Durr’s biography,...