The lymphatic system consists of lymph, lymphatic pathways such as lymphatic capillary, lymphatic vessel, lymphatic duct etc., and some lymphatic organs including lymph node, thymus, and spleen. The delivery of drugs and bioactive compounds via the lymphatic system is dependent on the physiology of the system. The lymphatic system is able to avoid first-pass metabolism, thus the lymphatic syste...

Lymphatic complications are rare, but well-known phenomena, and have been described by many researchers. However, many diagnoses of lymphatic complications are found confusing due to different definition. A literature search in Pubmed was performed for studies postoperative lympatic complications. These complications divided into two parts: lymphatic leakage and lymphatic stasis. This review is...

OBJECTIVES To identify the presence of lymphatic invasion in primary cutaneous melanoma using monoclonal antibody D2-40, a marker of lymphatic endothelium, and to correlate the presence of lymphatic invasion with other clinicopathologic characteristics of the tumors. DESIGN Retrospective melanoma case series study comparing conventional hematoxylin-eosin staining with D2-40 immunostaining for...

Lymphatic research has progressed rapidly in recent years. Though lymphatic dysfunction has been found in a wide array of disorders from transplant rejection to cancer metastasis, to date, there is still little effective treatment for lymphatic diseases. The cornea offers an optimal site for lymphatic research due to its accessible location, transparent nature, and lymphatic-free but inducible ...

We investigated the regeneration of cardiac lymphatic vessels and capillaries in the infarcted myocardiac zones after acute myocardial infarction in rats. The anterior descending artery of the heart was ligated for infarction and both immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect pathological changes of lymphatic vessels in infarcted zone (IZ), infarcted margin zone (MZ) and r...

The lymphatic system maintains tissue fluid balance, and dysfunction of lymphatic vessels and valves causes human lymphedema syndromes. Yet, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying lymphatic vessel development is still limited. Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is an essential regulator of lymphatic vessel development. Endothelial-specific Cdk5 knockdown causes co...

Lymphatic vessels play an essential role in intestinal lipid uptake, and impairment of lymphatic vessel function leads to enhanced adipose tissue accumulation in patients with lymphedema and in genetic mouse models of lymphatic dysfunction. However, the effects of obesity on lymphatic function have been poorly studied. We investigated if and how adipose tissue accumulation influences lymphatic ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is highly expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells and has been shown to stimulate lymphangiogenesis in adult mice. However, the role VEGFR2 serves in the development of the lymphatic vascular system has not been defined. Here we use the Cre-lox system to show that the proper development of the lymphatic vasculature requires VEGFR2 expressi...

introduction: squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is one of the most important and common types of head and neck malignancy, with an estimated rate of 4% among all human malignancies. the aim of this study was to determine the association between expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 and the clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc).   materials and met...

here, we report on a ten-year-old girl with chronic draining nonhealing ulcer in her neck and unilateral cervical chronic lymphadenopathy. her ulcer had poor clinical response to broad spectrum antibiotics and anti-tuberculosis treatment. she had undergone several wound biopsies with no conclusive results. she was otherwise healthy with no known underlying disease. final wound excisional biopsy...