â â€œshodan” is a multifunctional verb in persian language. this paper deals with six different functions of “shodan” based on a purely formal approach. these functions are as follows: liking verb, light verb in some compound predicates, auxiliary verb, helping verb in passive voice, modal verb, and simple verb. the interface between lexicon and syntax, and the ways to show this relations...

In several countries the simple act of liking (on Facebook) an antigovernment article or video can be (and has already been) used to pursue and detain activists. Given such a scenario, it is of great relevance to allow anyone to anonymously ”like” any post. In this paper we present anonyFacebook, a system that allows Facebook users to ”like” a post (e.g., news, photo, video) without revealing t...

Liking allows users of Social Networks, blogs and online magazines to express their support of posts and artifacts by a simple click. Such function is very popular but lacks semantic power, and some platforms have augmented it by allowing to choose a pictographic depiction corresponding to a feeling. What is gained in depth is lost in simplicity, and the wide acceptance liking has enjoyed did n...

What brain reward systems mediate motivational 'wanting' and hedonic 'liking' for food rewards? And what roles do those systems play in eating disorders? This article surveys recent findings regarding brain mechanisms of hedonic 'liking', such as the existence of cubic-millimeter hedonic hotspots in nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum for opioid amplification of sensory pleasure. It also con...

Self-disclosure plays a central role in the development and maintenance of relationships. One way that researchers have explored these processes is by studying the links between self-disclosure and liking. Using meta-analytic procedures, the present work sought to clarify and review this literature by evaluating the evidence for 3 distinct disclosure-liking effects. Significant disclosure-likin...

Consumers show high interindividual variability in food liking during repeated exposure. To investigate consumer liking during repeated exposure, data is often interpreted on a product level by averaging results over all consumers. However, a single product may elicit inconsistent behaviors in consumers; averaging will mix and hide possible subgroups of consumer behaviors, leading to a misinter...

Anhedonia, the lack of interest or pleasure in response to hedonic stimuli or experiences, is a cardinal symptom of depression. This deficit in hedonic processing has been posited to influence depressed individuals' motivation to engage in potentially rewarding experiences. Accumulating evidence indicates that hedonic processing is not a unitary construct but rather consists of an anticipatory ...

Sodium is an essential nutrient for the human body. It is widely used as sodium chloride (table salt) in (processed) foods and overconsumed by both children and adults, placing them at risk for adverse health effects such as high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. The current review focusses on the development of salt taste sensitivity and preferences, and its association with food int...

This thesis examined the relationship between episodic memory of past eating experience and food choice. Studies in Chapter 2 show that recalling an episodic memory of enjoying eating vegetables increases predicted enjoyment of eating vegetables in the future and increases amount chosen. In Chapter 3 it is reported that increasing remembered enjoyment of a food results in a greater amount of th...