Mechanical loading provides indispensible stimuli for growth and development of the articular cartilage and bone. Interestingly, depending on loading conditions loads applied to the joint can be beneficial as well as harmful to skeletal maintenance and remodeling. Moderate loads to the synovial joint, for instance, suppress the expression levels of matrix metallproteinases (MMPs), while loads a...

The human knee joint has a three dimensional geometry with multiple body articulations that produce complex mechanical responses under loads that occur in everyday life and sports activities. To produce the necessary joint compliance and stability for optimal daily function various menisci and ligaments are present while muscle forces are used to this effect. Therefore, knowledge of the complex...

This paper utilizes the idea of “robot ergonomics” in which robotic tasks are evaluated according to ergonomics criteria. Robot performance is continuously reeorded in terms of total motion for each robotic link, the load applied on each joint, and the accuracy of each motion. Evaluating robot motion can assist in the design of a robotic cell, where robot position and layout of peripheral equip...

Controllers for parallel manipulators can be designed in task space or joint space, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, integral sliding mode controllers designed in joint space and in task space are compared using MATLAB simulation. In both cases, genetic algorithm is used to determine optimal sliding surface gain. The performance and robustness, smoothness of cont...

This paper deals with kinematics and dynamics of the human shoulder in order to obtain the workspace related to the reachability of the wrist and applications to determine load for the wheelchair. The model contains six revolute degrees of freedom (D.O.F), two in costoclavicular and three in the shoulder joint and one in the elbow joint, while a six D.O.F model was developed according to given ...

INTRODUCTION Load variation is associated with changes in joint torque and compensatory reflex activation and thus, has a considerable impact on balance control. Previous studies dealing with over (OL) and under loading (UL) used water buoyancy or additional weight with the side effects of increased friction and inertia, resulting in substantially modified test paradigms. The purpose of this st...

Glass fiber reinforced gypsum composites are new building materials that have been used in covering interior walls. Reinforcement by means of woven fabrics as a three dimensional material is an alternative to the use of short fibers. The application of appropriate fabrics can improve mechanical properties of gypsum composites. The aim of this research article is to investigate the effect of the...

In Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavement of the roads, dowels bar transfers vehicle loading to the unloaded slab. Load Transfer Efficiency (LTE) is used to evaluate dowel bars in PCC pavement. This parameter is defined as the vertical displacement ratio of the loaded slab versus the unloaded slab. In this study, the impact of effective factors (friction coefficient between dowel and concrete ...

In this study, dynamic behavior of a mooring line in a floating system is analyzed by probability approaches. In dynamics, most researches have shown the system model and environments by mathematical expression. We called this process as the forward dynamics. However, there is a limit to define the exact environments because of uncertainty. To consider uncertainty, we introduce the redundancy i...