Two populations of mitochondria were observed upon ultrastructural examination of cardiac muscle tissue, one located directly beneath the sarcolemma (subsarcolemmal mitochondria) and another between the myofibrils (interfibrillar mitochondria). Subsarcolemmal mitochondria were released by treatment of heart muscle with a Polytron tissue processor, while interfibrillar mitochondria were released...

Mitochondria are one of the central regulators of many cellular processes beyond its well established role in energy metabolism. The inter-organellar crosstalk is critical for the optimal function of mitochondria. Many nuclear encoded proteins and RNA are imported to mitochondria. The translocation of small RNA (sRNA) including miRNA to mitochondria and other sub-cellular organelle is still not...

When one species mates with another, the resulting hybrids typically die or fail to reproduce. Hybrids can form between similar species from microorganisms to mammals, with the mule being a classic example. Sterile offspring of horses and donkeys, mules are prized for being more agile than the former, less obstinate than the latter, and smarter than both. But researchers prize hybrids for an ad...

Increasing data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be an important early component of nephrotoxin-induced changes in renal cell function and viability. This study was designed to obtain more detailed information about the effects on several basic bioenergetic parameters of the direct interaction of Hg2+ with renal cortical mitochondria in vitro as a necessary prelude to studies of mitoc...

Novikoff hepatoma mitochondria were studied with regard to their functional and structural organization. The activities of cytochrome oxidase and malate dehydrogenase in mitochondria purified on sucrose gradients were similar in organdÃ-es derived from normal liver and hepatoma tissue. However, the activities of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase and succinate oxidase in hepatoma...

Oxidative phosphorylation is a key process of intracellular energy transfer by which mitochondria produce ATP. Isolated mitochondria serve as a biological model for understanding the mitochondrial respiration control, effects of various biologically active substances, and pathophysiology of mitochondrial diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate pig brain mitochondria as a proper biologica...

Autophagy is a process that mediates the degradation of cytoplasmic material, such as damaged organelles and protein aggregates, to maintain cellular homeostasis (Fig. 1) [1]. The autophagic pathway begins with the sequestration of organelles and portions of the cytoplasm via a double-membrane termed the isolation membrane (or phagophore), which can be derived from several cellular compartments...