611 Electrons propagating through the bidimensional structure of graphene have a linear relation between energy and momentum, and thus behave as massless Dirac fermions1–3. Consequently, graphene exhibits electronic properties for a two-dimensional (2D) gas of charged particles described by the relativistic Dirac equation, rather than the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation with an eff ective...

The unprecedented growth in the telecommunications sector in the mid to late 1990’s saw a high demand in the area of optical packages and optical networks. This sudden growth in demand for optical technology in telecom and data communication applications could not be supported by the existing manufacturing infrastructure; so, to meet the growing volume needs of the industry – the electronics ma...

Ten Gb/s low power penalty ( 0 5 dB)error-freetransmission was achieved through 75 km using a high-perfor-mance sampled-grating (SG) distributed Bragg reflector (DBR)laser/EAM transmitter. Large signal chirp measurements shownegative chirp operation across the entire tuning range of the de-vices. An integration-oriented quantum-well-intermixing (QWI)process was emplo...