In Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. American Telephone and Telegraph Company (1977), a federal appeals court upheld the constitutionality of race and genderconscious employment quotas in a much-publicized consent decree. Although no party had addressed whether affirmative action remedies that may be legal for minorities would necessarily also be legal for women, the court gave the iss...

We analyze a variant of the coupon collector’s problem, in which the probabilities of obtaining coupons and the numbers of coupons in a collection may be non-uniform. We obtain a finite expression for the generating function of the probabilities to complete a collection and show how this generalizes several previous results about the coupon collector’s problem. Also, we provide applications abo...

More than 1.2 billion kW wind and solar power generation will be integrated in China by 2030. The new provincial renewable portfolio standard, officially implemented 2020, establishes an efficient bridge between rapid capacity growth limited accommodation capability. A data-driven prospect analysis framework was proposed to evaluate the activated potential under two kinds of nearby approaches e...

Selection by quotas is an important policy measure in the affirmative action tool box. Despite quotas being effective for achieving certain numerical representations, they can come with unwanted side effects, for example in the form of uncooperative behavior in the group created by the quota. In the laboratory, we investigate the extent to which preferential selection in the form of an unrepres...

This paper analyzes export subsidies (price incentives) and export quotas (quantity controls) in the Brander-Spencer (1985) model when policy makers have limited information on demand and cost structures. We examine necessary or sufficient information for policy makers to determine the right policies. It is crucial that they know the elasticity values of the slope of the inverse demand curve an...

Increasing the number of women in positions of political power is top priority for women’s movements and for governments around the world. Activists, international institutions, and national governments have come to see gender quota laws as the best way to achieve this goal. In the past 15 years, more than 40 countries have adopted measures that require a certain number of those running for or ...

ABSTRACT This paper offers a novel substantive justification for mandatory electoral quotas—e.g., gender or racial quotas—and new methodological approach to their justification. Substantively, I argue political egalitarian account of quotas. Methodologically, based on this and grounding participatory rights, offer an alternative the External Restriction Approach The sees quotas as at best justi...

Ukraine constantly continues to move towards the consolidation of economic processes with European Union, and issue rapid integration as a whole is extremely relevant. Currently, number simplified procedures have been introduced EU countries: «economic visa-free travel», transport energy «visa-free travel» (all this contributes abolition tariffs quotas simplify documentation, save money, avoid ...

Proof of Lemma 1. I establish this first for distributional quotas (with Φ = Φ∞), and then generalize to arbitrary moment mechanisms. Distributional quotas fix an aggregate distribution μ – a measure of mass N on the set of actions – and let the agent choose any action distributions m1, ...,mN so that ∑ imi = μ. Other moment mechanisms may give additional freedom on ∑ imi. Case 1: Φ∞-moment mec...

This paper develops a model of the black market for foreign exchange in which black market currency is demanded and supplied by tirms engaged in smuggling. It is demonstrated that quotas or foreign exchange rationing are not necessary to induce the coexistence of legal and black foreign exchange markets. Variants of the model analyze the implications of capital flight, unbalanced trade, quotas,...