BACKGROUND Acromegaly is a rare, debilitating condition for which data on the associated treatment patterns and economic burden are limited. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and healthcare resource utilization (HRU)/costs for individuals with acromegaly treated with surgical and/or medical therapy in the USA. METHODS Using a large US claims...

Few studies have compared treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and costs in patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) receiving HER2 directed therapy. This study evaluated these outcomes in patients receiving trastuzumab or lapatinib. Adult women with mBC, who were initiated on trastuzumab or lapatinib, on or after March 13, 2007, were selected from the US-based PharMet...

Patients with breast cancer and bone metastases often experience skeletal complications (skeletal-related events [SREs]: pathologic fracture, radiation to bone, surgery to bone or spinal cord compression). Prospective data on the health resource burden of SREs are needed for planning healthcare requirements and estimating the value of new treatments, but limited data are available. This prospec...

Applications of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model typically involve delineation of a watershed into subwatersheds/subbasins that are then further subdivided into hydrologic response units (HRUs) which are homogeneous areas of aggregated soil, landuse, and slope and are the smallest modeling units used within the model. In a given standard SWAT application, multiple potential HRUs ...

Aims To assess the real-world healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs associated with different proteasome inhibitors (PIs) for treatment of patients relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in Germany.Methods We conducted a retrospective medical chart review patterns, outcomes, HRU RRMM treated bortezomib, carfilzomib, or ixazomib second- third-line (2L 3L) therapy Germany. D...

Bipolar I disorder (BPD-1) is a chronic mood characterized by manic and depressive episodes that produces substantial financial burden in the US. This retrospective chart review study compared healthcare resource utilization (HRU) among patients with associated BPD-1 treated lurasidone or cariprazine, two atypical antipsychotics approved for treatment of bipolar depression. Data on adult prescr...

Buildings account for 40% of total global energy use and contribute towards 30% of total CO2 emissions. Heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are the major sources of energy consumption in buildings, and there has been extensive research focusing on efficiently control them. However, in most cases, this is achieved at the cost of sacrificing thermal, visual and/or IAQ comfort....

This paper considers a preliminary investigation involving the development of a Cross-Border Deforestation Index (CBDI), which is an attempt to quantify the differences in deforestation between two countries or potentially any two administrative units. In this study, the focus was on countries. For each pair of bordering countries, a 50 km buffer zone was drawn and the average value of the Vege...