In the present study, cigarette smoke (CS) exposure significantly enhanced 3H-B(a)P-DNA adduct formation in both the pulmonary and hepatic tissues. Mice co-treated with CS and celecoxib (a specific COX-2 inhibitor) exhibited a significant decrease in hepatic carcinogen-DNA adduct formation in comparison to the smoke exposed group, however the lungs of the co-treated animals exhibited a signific...

We previously reported that cytochrome P450 (P450) is a key enzyme of organic nitrate biotransformation and that P450 levels of the heart and its vessels markedly decreased at the development of nitrate tolerance. Although our attention was mainly focused on the circulatory organs, most organic nitrates, including nitroglycerin (NTG), are metabolized in the liver, where nitric oxide (NO) is con...

Herbal medication has gathered increasing recognition in recent years with regard to both treatment options and health hazards. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been associated with substantial toxicity after their ingestion as tea and in the setting of contaminated cereals have led to endemic outbreaks in Jamaica, India and Afghanistan. In Western Europe, comfrey has been applied for inflammatory ...

Drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters are key factors that affect disposition of xenobiotics. Phase I enzyme induction by classes of microsomal enzyme inducers occurs via activation of transcription factors such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), and nuclear fac...

Pyrethroids are neurotoxic pesticides whose pharmacokinetic behavior plays a role in their potency. This study examined the elimination of esfenvalerate and deltamethrin from rat and human liver microsomes. A parent depletion approach in the presence and absence of NADPH was used to assess species differences in biotransformation pathways, rates of elimination, and intrinsic hepatic clearance. ...

The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the use of stable isotope (SI)-labeled compound as an approach for pharmacokinetic analysis such as fraction absorbed, hepatic extraction ratio, and fraction metabolized from the parent drug to a metabolite. (S,S)-3-[3-(Methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylpiperidine hydrochloride (PNU96391) was selected as the model compound because of its simpl...

the abilities of silybum marianum cell culture to biotransform benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol in three culture systems were compared. callus cultures of silybum marianum were established from seedlings, and healthy suspensions and immobilized cultures grown on the murashige and skoog medium. s. marianum cells were immobilized in both agar beads and fiber cotton matrixes. benzaldehyde was fed to...

BACKGROUND Hepatic dysfunction and jaundice are traditionally viewed as late features of sepsis and portend poor outcomes. We hypothesized that changes in liver function occur early in the onset of sepsis, yet pass undetected by standard laboratory tests. METHODS AND FINDINGS In a long-term rat model of faecal peritonitis, biotransformation and hepatobiliary transport were impaired, depending...

Knowing that curcumin has low bioavailability when administered orally, and that piperine has bioenhancer activity by inhibition of hepatic and intestinal biotransformation processes, the aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of curcumin (90 mg/kg) and piperine (20 or 40 mg/kg), alone or co-administered, incorporated in yoghurt, in streptozotocin (STZ)...