5alpha-Cyprinol sulfate was isolated from bile of the Asiatic carp, Cyprinus carpio. 5alpha-Cyprinol sulfate was surface active and formed micelles; its critical micellization concentration (CMC) in 0.15 M Na+ using the maximum bubble pressure device was 1.5 mM; by dye solubilization, its CMC was approximately 4 mM. At concentrations >1 mM, 5alpha-cyprinol sulfate solubilized monooleylglycerol ...

The most commonly used probiotic is usually characterized as gram positive, non motile, non sporulating bacteria that produce lactic acid as their main by product due to fermentation. The Morphological, Biochemical, Acid and Bile salt tolerance, Haemolytic test are used for identification and conformation of probiotic bacteria. Isolated Bacillus cereus was analyzed using the agar diffusion meth...

spillage of scoleces is a major problem in surgery of hydatid cysts, because each of them may develop into a new cyst if it settles on a suitable site such as the peritoneum. many surgeons believe that scoleces in ruptured hydatid cysts of the liver containing bile are not able to develop new cysts, because bile kills thein. in order to prove this idea, the viability of scoleces in such cysts w...

The sea lamprey is an ancient, parasitic fish that invaded the Great Lakes a century ago, where it triggered the collapse of many fisheries. Like many fishes, this species relies on chemical cues to mediate key aspects of its life, including migration and reproduction. Here we report the discovery of a multicomponent steroidal pheromone that is released by stream-dwelling larval lamprey and gui...

We determined levels of hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) mRNA, hepatic DNA adducts, and fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile, a measure of exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons, in Atlantic tomcod from six river systems ranging from highly polluted to relatively pristine on the northeast North American coast (the Hudson River, New York; the St. Lawrence River, Quebec; the Miramichi Ri...

64Cu accumulation and total Cu concentrations were measured in gill filaments, plasma, liver and bile of fed and starved European eels (Anguilla anguilla) during 28 days of exposure to 12 and 94 micrograms Cu l-1. Branchial Cu uptake was found to be 0.03 and 0.13 microgram Cu g gill filament-1 h-1 at 12 and 94 micrograms Cu l-1, respectively, throughout 28 days of Cu exposure. At least during e...

The effects of environmental salinity on the distribution, metabolism, and elimination of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) were examined in mature rainbow trout. Trout acclimated to either fresh water (0 ppt, FW) or sea water (20 ppt, SW) for 3 weeks received a single 10 mg/kg intra-arterial injection of [(3)H]-benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) at their acclimation salinity or when subjected to an acute salinity ch...

hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a sensitive method for intra & extera hepatic bile leak diagnosis. bile lead may be seen after hepatobiliary surgery, trauma, inflammatory disease or malignant neoplasms. although sonography and ct scanning are useful for diagnosis of peritoneal or perihepatic fluid, they cannot prove bile ascites. hepatobiliary scintigraphy with tc-99m-ida agents is a physiolo...

In some cultures, eating gallbladders from certain species of snakes, birds, or fish is believed to improve health. A syndrome of acute hepatitis and renal failure following the ingestion of raw carp gallbladders has been described previously among persons living in Asia (1-4). This report summarizes two cases of this syndrome that occurred in residents of Pennsylvania who had eaten the raw bil...

Our study was focused on characterization of dominant Bacillus bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of Oncorhynchus mykiss. After 8 weeks, the fish fed with probiotic-free diet were dissected under strictly controlled conditions. Fish intestines were eviscerated and its content diluted to 10−4 using Ringer solution. Two isolated bacteria were Gram-positive, catalase-positive, and oxidase-...