The antiviral activity profile of the uterus and fetal membranes from bovine placenta, induced by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) throughout gestation, was investigated. Explants of the endometrium and caruncles were collected from the uterus, and amniochorion, allantochorion and cotyledons, from fetal placenta. Tissue cultures were induced with ~6.0 hemagglutinating units (HU) of NDV. Supern...

background: placenta accreta is a rare obstetrical condition that mainly occurs in the third trimester leading to life-threatening complications. hereby, a case of uterine rupture due to placenta accreta occuring in the second trimester is presented. case presentation: a forty-year old patient who conceived after in vitro fertilization treatment (oocyte donation and embryo transfer) presented i...

The placenta long has been underappreciated and understudied by the scientific community. Improper function of this critical organ causes fetal abnormalities, preterm labor, and the most common disease of pregnancy, preeclampsia. Despite the importance of the placenta, understanding of its role in fetal development, especially at a molecular level, is crude. Sadly, understanding of placental fu...

Correspondence Fetal blood gas analysis at delivery Sir, In a recent article D'Souza et al.1 note that it is simpler and more convenient to obtain umbilical venous than arterial blood to assess the acid base status of a newborn infant at delivery. They add, however, that sampling arterial blood would be preferable to venous blood as the former reflects more closely the metabolic condition of th...

Fetal growth is a complex and dynamic process regulated by a large number of interactive factors of fetal, maternal, and placental origin. As a result, any abnormality of fetal growth has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis. It has been estimated that about 50% of intrauterine fetal growth is determined by fetal genes. Maternal disease, her nutritional intake and behaviours, such as smoking, ...

The contribution of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) to timely discharge of the placenta from bovine uterus at parturition is yet inconclusive, partly because of the presence of multiple MMP forms in situ. In the current study, the expression of different gelatinase subtypes on non-retaining placentas of Holstein cows was fingerprinted by using gelatin zymography. Different topographic regions o...

HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus that targets the body’s immune system and weakens it so struggles to defend against other pathogens designed harm body. In order enhance health decrease transmission of patients who have HIV are treated with antiretroviral therapy, ART, treatment seeks reduce replication by disrupting specific portion cycle. However, while does vertical between m...

The placenta is a complex fetal organ that fulfills pleiotropic roles during fetal growth. It separates the maternal and fetal circulation, with which it is in contact through different surfaces i.e. the syncytiotrophoblast exposes the placenta to the maternal circulation and the endothelium is in contact with fetal blood. During pregnancy, obese women are at increased risk of metabolic syndrom...

Maternal insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play a pivotal role in modulating fetal growth via their actions on both the mother and the placenta. Circulating IGFs influence maternal tissue growth and metabolism, thereby regulating nutrient availability for the growth of the conceptus. Maternal IGFs also regulate placental morphogenesis, substrate transport and hormone secretion, all of which in...

Although the kinetics of fetal erythropoiesis and the life span of fetal erythrocytes have not been accurately determined, thus precluding a quantitative appraisal of bilirubin production in the fetus, there is convincing evidence that this pigment is formed during intrauterine life. Supporting this are the presence of bilirubin in meconium (2), in fetal plasma (3) and the fetal gall bladder (4...