We use detailed trade, tariff, and income data for countries involved in 91 trade agreements negotiated since 1980 to test for reciprocity in free trade agreements. The results offer strong evidence of reciprocity in North-North and South-South free trade agreements, but there is little empirical support for reciprocity in North-South trade agreements. In particular, after controlling for other...

the software license agreements form. nowadays. a large portion of international transactions. meanwhile. the escrow agreements are usually as an important part of these contracts without which they could not be entered into. the escrow agreement is a three dimensions contract and formed by three parties jointly. which side is the offering or accepting party and whether could two parties jointl...

Prospective studies of the potential health consequences of trade and investment treaties, such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership, are critical. These studies can make visible to trade policy-makers the potential negative impacts associated to such treaties and can influence the outcomes of such negotiations. However, few researchers have examined retrospectively the consequences of trade agreem...

Lenders have increasingly responded to regulatory and public pressures to provide credit to lowerincome and minority communities by entering into CRA agreements, which typically involve pledges to extend a certain volume of lending to targeted groups and communities. This paper considers the broader impact of these CRA agreements by examining whether they are associated with changes in lending ...

The ability of the servers to deliver services to the clients according to pre-defined agreements is becoming an important requirement. These pre-defined agreements are sometimes referred to as service level agreements (SLA). In most practical cases, these agreements are based on the response times observed by the customer. This service level ‘agreeability’ is not captured in the definitions of...

Direct face-to-face communication has traditionally been found to be more effective for fostering economic cooperation than any form of indirect, mediated communication. We inquire whether this is still the case since most young adults routinely use texting and online social media to communicate with each other. We find that young adults in our laboratory public goods experiment are just as ade...

The screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is a parasite that attacks all warm-blooded animals including humans. This parasite has caused significant losses to the livestock industries of the Americas. Since the screwworm eradication program was initiated in the Southeastern United States in 1957, the eradication program has successfully progressed to its current location in Panama....

This paper explores the relationship between firms’ cooperation and their propensity toward environmental innovation. Previous literature has emphasized the peculiarities of such innovations based on their drivers, their positive spill-overs and the importance of regulation to trigger them. This paper contributes to the literature by focusing on the importance of cooperation and of vertical, ho...