This paper sets out to solve the Sleeping Beauty problem and various related anthropic (self-locating belief) problems, not through the calculation of anthropic probabilities, but through finding the correct decision to make. Given certain simple assumptions, it turns out to be possible to do so without knowing the underlying anthropic probabilities. Most common anthropic problems are underspec...

We review the main components of autonomous scientific discovery, and how they lead to the concept of a Robot Scientist. This is a system which uses techniques from artificial intelligence to automate all aspects of the scientific discovery process: it generates hypotheses from a computer model of the domain, designs experiments to test these hypotheses, runs the physical experiments using robo...

This study examines and compares three pieces of Renaissance style gold and enamelled jewelry owned by the Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, MD, USA. These are a 16th century Hat Badge of Adam and Eve, a 19th century Fortitude Pendant and a Diana Pendant presumed to be of the 16th century (The Walters Art Gallery, Jewelry, Ancient to Modern (Viking, New York, 1979)), Ref. [1]. PIXE spectroscopy w...

No one knows when the story of love began in the history of mankind, though from a religious point of view it started with Adam and Eve and the Forbidden Fruit. Scientifically speaking, love probably made its appearance with H. neanderthalensis between 350 and 30 thousand years ago. Neanderthal graves have yielded the pollen of brightly coloured flowers brought from different regions, and these...

Abstract Eve’s Testament (Greek Life of Adam and Eve 15–30) contains an expansive first-person retelling the Eden narrative in which elder remembers her younger self calling to “with a loud voice” saying, “listen me!” She then admits that when she opened mouth, “the Devil was speaking,” able quickly persuade husband eat forbidden fruit. The unparalleled decision ancient author voice primordial ...

The development of media technology and freedom releasing news led to fake or hoaxes spread form a public opinion in order get particular interests which are used attack each other, accuse, slander, generate stereotypes, even claim that specific group religion is superior others. This study takes under scrutiny the Qur'anic perspective about literacy help provide context for an effort combat ne...

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is largely organized around its explicit reference to Milton’s retelling of Genesis 2–3, Paradise Lost. Unfortunately, this Milton has discouraged scholars from going back the Old Testament itself. In fact, novel contains three crucial biblical allusions. Most obvious, course, are allusions creation (Genesis 1–3), which contain details not found in epic. The biblical...

Economists have neglected to study the phenomenon of vanishing uncertainties and risks in the production process as maturing goods approach the final consumer who is eager to buy them at established prices. We fill this gap in resurrecting Adam Smith’s long-forgotten notion of social circulating capital. Then the propensity to consume appears as the volume, and the discount rate as the marginal...