PURPOSE To develop a better and more economical instrument for precise, tractionless, "cold" cutting during intraocular surgery. The use of highly localized electric fields rather than laser light as the means of tissue dissection was investigated. METHODS A high electric field at the tip of a fine wire can, like lasers, initiate plasma formation. Micrometer-length plasma streamers are genera...

BACKGROUND The pulsed electron avalanche knife (PEAK-fc) is a new pulsed electrosurgical device that allows for precise, "cold" and traction-free tissue dissection. AIM To evaluate the surgical applicability, safety and potential complications of PEAK-fc in complicated cataract surgery. METHODS The study included five children with congenital cataracts, two patients with advanced senile cat...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the precision of retinal tissue dissection by the pulsed electron avalanche knife (PEAK) and to assess possible toxic effects from this device. METHODS To demonstrate precision of cutting, bovine retina (in vitro) and rabbit retina (in vivo) were incised with the PEAK. Samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy and histologic examination (light microscopy). T...

38 LLE Review, Volume 93 Introduction Single-photon detectors (SPD’s) represent the ultimate sensitivity limit for any quantum radiation detectors. In the visible light range, the best known and most widely used are Si avalanche photodiodes (APD’s)1 and photomultiplier tubes (PMT’s).2 The operation of photomultiplier/avalanche devices is based on the electron cascade and multiplication effect, ...

We present the results of detailed investigations of the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)-based photomultiplier, consisting of a solid CsI photocathode coupled to a cascade of GEM elements. The detector is "lled with non-ageing mixtures based on noble gases: Ar, Ne, Ar#Ne, Ar#Xe, Ar#CH 4 and Ar#N 2 . Very high gas gains, reaching 106, and rather fast anode pulses, of a width of 10 ns, were observe...

Ultraviolet (UV) studies in astronomy, cosmology, planetary studies, biological and medical applications often require precision detection of faint objects and in many cases require photon-counting detection. We present an overview of two approaches for achieving photon counting in the UV. The first approach involves UV enhancement of photon-counting silicon detectors, including electron multip...

Abstract A comparative simulation of the generation and acceleration runaway electrons in discharge gap during initiation by nanosecond subnanosecond pulses is carried out. We used a numerical model based on PIC-MCC method. Calculations were out for N 2 6 atm pressure. Numerical formation process electron avalanche initiated an field-emitted from top cathode microspike was taking into account m...