The differentiation of CD8 T cells in response to acute infection results in the acquisition of hallmark phenotypic effector functions; however, the epigenetic mechanisms that program this differentiation process on a genome-wide scale are largely unknown. In this article, we report the DNA methylomes of Ag-specific naive and day-8 effector CD8 T cells following acute lymphocytic choriomeningit...

knowledge about the clinical significance of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog b1 ( braf ) mutations in colorectal cancer (crc) is growing. braf encodes a protein kinase involved with intracellular signaling and cell division. the gene product is a downstream effector of kirsten ras 1( kras ) within the ras/raf/mapk cellular signaling pathway. evidence suggests that braf mutations, li...

Vaccines formulated with nonreplicating pathogens require adjuvants to help bolster immunogenicity. The role of adjuvants in Ab production has been well studied, but how they influence memory CD8(+) T cell differentiation remains poorly defined. In this study we implemented dendritic cell-mediated immunization to study the effects of commonly used adjuvants, TLR ligands, on effector and memory ...

Glioblastoma is a malignant brain cancer with high mortality. Currently, there no effective treatment that can effectively improve the survival of patients. Traditional gene editing tools, such as Zinc finger nuclease, RNAi and translational activator-like effector nucleases (TALENTS), have shown their advantages in treating glioblastoma. However, they disadvantages cost difficult to operate. I...

Abstract The introduction of the CTLA-4 recombinant fusion protein has demonstrated therapeutic effects by selectively modulating T-cell activation in rheumatoid arthritis. Here we show, using a forward genetic approach, that mutation SH3gl1 gene encoding endocytic Endophilin A2 is associated with development arthritis rodents. Defective expression affects T cell effector functions and alters t...

Control and quantification of effector molecules such as heavy metals, toxins or other target molecules is of great biotechnological, social and economic interest. Microorganisms have regulatory proteins that recognize and modify the gene expression in the presence or absence of these compounds (effector molecules) by means of binding to gene sequences. The association of these recognizing gene...