The effects of ionic strength and solvent polarity on the equilibrium distribution of fluorescein (FL) and FITC-dextran between the interior of polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules filled with negatively charged strong polyelectrolyte and the bulk solution were systematically investigated. A negatively charged strong polyelectrolyte, poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), used for CaCO3 core fabric...

Electrode potential measurements have been applied to study electrical characteristics like transport numbers, permselectivity & fixed charge density of ion-exchange membranes. Membrane potential measurements were made across zirconium phosphotungstate cation-exchange membrane maintained at 27◦C, using halide salts of alkali & alkaline earth metals as electrolytes. The effect of concentration o...

A system consisting of two aqueous solutions, containing equal concentrations of lactic acid, but different concentrations of Na lactate, separated by a layer of amyl alcohol has been described. This system exhibits electrical properties ranging (as the concentration of NaL is increased) from those characteristic of a simple Donnan equilibrium to those characteristic of simple diffusion. The fa...

To form secondary structure, nucleic acids (NAs) must overcome electrostatic strand-strand repulsion, which is moderated by the surrounding atmosphere of screening ions. The free energy of NA folding therefore depends on the interactions of this ion atmosphere with both the folded and unfolded states. We quantify such interactions using the preferential ion interaction coefficient or ion excess...

Neurotransmitters affect the membrane potential (Vm) of target cells by modulating the activity of receptor-linked ion channels. The direction and amplitude of the resulting transmembrane current depend on the resting level of Vm and the gradient across the membrane of permeant ion species. Vm, in addition, governs the activation state of voltage-gated channels. Knowledge of the exact level of ...