BACKGROUND This study compared precision of depth judgements, technical performance and workload using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic displays across different viewing distances. It also compared the accuracy of 3D displays with natural viewing, along with the relationship between stereoacuity and 3D laparoscopic performance. METHODS A counterbalanced within-subj...

Background According to Venema, Garretsen and Van der Maas (1995), there are three main factors that can affect the health of migrants: biological/genetic; socio-cultural; and socio-economic factors. Biological and genetic factors can have both direct and indirect effects on a person’s health status. Directly, they can predispose one to certain illnesses or diseases and indirectly they can infl...

Reading comprehension ability consists of multiple cognitive processes, and cloze tests have long been claimed to measure this ability as a whole. However, since the introduction of cloze test, different varieties of it have been proposed by the testers. Thus, the present study was an attempt to examine the relatedness of Cloze-Elide test, Multiple-choice (MC) cloze test, and C-test as three di...

background: the knee joint is prone to injury because of its complexity and weight-bearing function. anterior cruciate ligament (acl) ruptures happen in young and physically active population and can result in instability, meniscal tears, and articular cartilage damage. the aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of lachman and anterior drawer test in acl injury in compare with arthroscop...

there are many tests for diagnosis of myasthenia gravis including tensilon test and ice test.to compare the ice test with tensilon test in sub jects with myasthenic and nonmyasthenic ptosis a process research study was designed. this study was performed in patients complaining of acquired ptosis in the neuro-ophthalmology center of farabi hospital. all 156 patients were tested with ice pack and...