The Correlational Agreement Coefficient, CA(V,D), was introduced by J.F.J. van Leeuwe in 1974 within Item Tree Analysis (ITA), a data-analytic method to derive quasi orders (surmise relations) on sets of bi-valued test items. Recently, it has become of interest in connection with Knowledge Space Theory (KST). The coefficient CA(V,D) is used as a descriptive goodness-offit measure to select out ...

The term invariance has become more central to current views of perception. I take this as a good trend, but the term is rooted in mathematics, and its use in perception brings with it a host of assumptions that have generally been unexamined. The purpose of this article is to state some of these assumptions and assess their validity, with the hope that we can continue to find the term useful w...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the non-occupational risk factors of the urinary bladder cancer in Faisalabad, Pakistan. METHOD Several risk factors related to urinary bladder cancer--smoking, gender, residential area, fluid consumption, family history of cancer, use of tea and coffee--were examined. For the retrospective study, 149 subjects, 20 women and 129 men, were interviewed. Descriptive and i...

OBJECTIVES This report presents total sex ratios at birth from 1940 to 2002, for race starting in 1970, for Hispanic origin groups starting in 1989, for live birth order starting in 1943, and for age of mother for the full time period. METHODS Descriptive tabulations of sex ratios using the birth data set are presented and interpreted. Joinpoint regression analysis is used to detect changes i...

Children’s early mathematical experiences play an enormous role in the development of their understanding of mathematics, and serve as a foundation for their cognitive development. In this descriptive study, we observed the naturally occurring mathematical activities engaged in by thirty-nine 3-year-olds, equally divided by race/ethnicity and social class. We observed each child for 18 hours ov...

the purpose of this study is presenting a model forecasting financial crisis in tehran stock exchange listed companies. to do this, productive firms that had been accepted in tehran stock exchange between 2002 and 2009, were selected as the study sample. first the independent variables were obtained based on financial ratios and then based on article 141 of the law of commerce, the insolvent an...

abstract the global economy faces crisis every so often. in recent years, the financial crisis has affected the global economy; all countries, directly or indirectly, are involved. the purpose of this research is to study the impact of the global economic crisis on the capital structure of listed companies in tehran stock exchange. to test this effect, 87 companies listed in tehran stock exchan...

A systematic search of published reports was carried out in three electronic databases from 1966 on to identify relevant articles relating to tennis injuries. There were 39 case reports, 49 laboratory studies, 28 descriptive epidemiological studies, and three analytical epidemiological studies. The principal findings of the review were: first, there is a great variation in the reported incidenc...

We continue with the task of obtaining a unifying view of process semantics by considering in this case the logical characterization of the semantics. We start by considering the classic linear timebranching time spectrum developed by R.J. van Glabbeek. He provided a logical characterization of most of the semantics in his spectrum but, without following a unique pattern. In this paper, we pres...