Object’s color information is not invariant information but is affected by surrounding environments including ambient lights. In this paper, we propsed a new method to acquire intrinsic color information without being affected by ambient lights. In our method, we use a projector as a light source, then capture multiple images with varied color of illumination. Combining these multiple images, w...

Article history: Received 28 July 2008 Received in revised form 26 September 2008 Available online 2 December 2008 0026-2714/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.microrel.2008.10.008 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +82 2 2123 4619; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (I. Yun). In this paper, the long-term reliability of all monolithic 1.55-lm etched-mesa vertical cavity surface...

The absorbed electron current for a clean Fe(lOO) surface as a function of energy rises step-like at the vacuum-energy cutoff with an absorption close to 1. The smooth decrease of absorbed current at higher electron energy due to secondary electron emission is superimposed by a considerable amount of fine structure, the amplitude of which decreases with increasing energy. These features are fou...

We analyse the spatial clustering properties of the RASS1 Bright Sample, an X-ray flux-limited catalogue of galaxy clusters selected from the southern part of the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. The two-point correlation function ξ(r) of the whole sample is well fitted (in an Einstein-de Sitter model) by the power-law ξ = (r/r0) −γ , with r0 = 21.5 +3.4 −4.4 h −1 Mpc and γ = 2.11 −0.56 (95.4 per cent con...

The NICMOS dark current anomaly (the “bump”) was a transient enhancement of the detector dark current observed during the on-orbit warmup of the instrument after its cryogen depletion in January 1999. We summarize our current understanding of the mechanism which causes the effect, and summarize plans to test the most likely scenario.

Co irradiations have been carried out on test structures for the development of CMOS Active Pixel Sensors (APS) that can be used in a radiation environment. The basic mechanisms that may cause failure are presented. Ionization induced damage effects such as field leakage currents and dark current increase are discussed in detail. Two different approaches to overcome these problems are considere...

A pair of photogates is employed as a high frequency demodulation pixel for three dimensional time-of-flight image sensor. Using a 192×108 array of the pixels, demodulation contrast above 50% is achieved at 20MHz frequency and the test chip exhibits distance error less than 1% up to 7 m detection of the object. Modulation frequency dependent behavior of dark current is observed: dark current is...

Cone flicker threshold rises as the rods dark adapt, though the cone threshold to continuous light remains constant. The rise is normally about 1 log unit, but in certain patients who complain of night blindness it may be as great as 2.5 log units. In these persons the kinetics of the rod-cone interaction are those of the recovery of rod sensitivity. The rods impose a low-pass filter on the con...

This work presents an empirical dark current model for CMOS Active Pixel Sensors (APS). The model is based on experimental data taken of a 256x256 APS chip fabricated via HP in a standard 0.5μm CMOS technology process. This quantitative model determines the pixel dark current dependence on two contributing factors: the “ideal” dark current determined by the photodiode junction, introduced here ...

The present study concerns the search for ageing effects in 0.3mm gap timing RPCs. Counters were made with glass and aluminium electrodes and kept under a continuous gas flow of tetrafluorethane with 10% sulphur hexafluoride, 5% isobutane and water at 10% relative humidity. After 500 days of operation at the saturation current an accumulated charge of 800mC was collected, equivalent to over 8 y...