The effect of laser treatments on the surface stainless steel (SS420) has been studied by employing topographic mapping, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffraction (XRD), and Raman backscattering spectroscopy, addressing morphological structural modifications. were processed in air atmosphere with varied laser-scanning speed from V L = 40 to 5 mm/s while keeping pow...

The floating zone (FZ) method is one of the growth techniques used to grow single crystal materials. FZ growth is achieved in a containerless environment (without a crucible) by the movement of a molten zone of a solid rod, which forms a free-standing liquid bridge between two solid sections. However, the surface tension along the free surface of the molten zone varies due to temperature and co...

The floating zone (FZ) method is one of the growth techniques used to grow single crystal materials. FZ growth is achieved in a containerless environment (without a crucible) by the movement of a molten zone of a solid rod, which forms a free-standing liquid bridge between two solid sections. However, the surface tension along the free surface of the molten zone varies due to temperature and co...

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are attracting attentions not only as a fabrication process of complicated three-dimensional parts but also microstructure controlling processes. In powder bed fusion (PBF)-type AM, crystallographic texture can be controlled by scanning strategies energy beam. To optimize microstructures, computer simulations for predicting microstructures play ver...

An anisotropic horizontal porous layer saturated with viscoelastic liquids of the Oldroyd-B type is explored to determine how internal heat source affects thermal convection. As a momentum equation, modified Darcy–Oldroyd model used that takes into account anisotropy layer. The energy equation formulated in such way influence sources and diffusivity on stability criterion may be easily identifi...

Abstract Performance of global climate models (GCMs) is strongly affected by the cumulus parameterization (CP) used. Similar to approach in GFDL AM4, a double-plume CP, which unifies deep and shallow convection one framework, implemented tested NCAR Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5). Based on University Washington (UW) scheme, an additional plume was added represent convection. The p...

The Botswana High is a prominent mid-tropospheric system that modulates rainfall over subtropical southern Africa, but the capability of global climate model (GCM) to reproduce it remains unknown. This study examines GCM with quasi-uniform resolution (Model Prediction Across Scales, hereafter MPAS) in simulating characteristics High. MPAS applied simulate at 240 km globe for period 1980–2010. r...

In present study, experimental measurements and mathematical modeling were employed to investigate the different parameters, such as temperature of different parts of oven, natural gas consumption, flue gases temperature and portion of different heat transfer mechanisms during baking, in two different traditional flatbread bakeries called Sangak (/sӑngӑk/) and Barbari (/bӑrbӑri/). In all studie...

The water leak-off during hydraulic fracturing in shale gas reservoirs is a complicated transport behavior involving thermal (T), hydrodynamic (H), mechanical (M) and chemical (C) processes. Although many leak-off models have been published, none of the models fully coupled the transient fluid flow modeling with heat transfer, chemical-potential equilibrium and natural-fracture dilation phenome...