Cloning confusion very cloning pronouncement has one guaranteed ingredient: controversy. This time, Atsuo Ogura (National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan) and Rudolf Jaenisch (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA) are duking it out. Ogura claims that most of the defects that Jaenisch has seen in his cloned mice were caused by the genetic instability of the embryon...

The ex-film censor looks at the way ideas about what is Pornographic alter and suggests that although times change only some people change with them.

Criticism of journalists for creating confusion and needless anxiety is sometimes fully justified. On other occasions, at least part of the blame lays elsewhere. Consider the following. A headline in the Sunday Times on 14 May read: “Killer bug alert over organic vegetables.” The story continued “Tesco yesterday withdrew all organic mushrooms from its shelves after routine checks by environment...

We propose to minimise the cosmic confusion between Gaussian and non Gaussian theories by investigating the structure in the m's for each multipole of the cosmic radiation temperature anisotropies. We prove that Gaussian theories are (nearly) the only theories which treat all the m's equally. Hence we introduce a set of invariant measures of " m-preference " to be seen as non-Gaussianity indica...

Neutrophils are arguably the most important white blood cell for defense against bacterial and fungal infections. These leukocytes are produced in high numbers on a daily basis in humans and are recruited rapidly to injured/infected tissues. Phagocytosis and subsequent intraphagosomal killing and digestion of microbes have historically been the accepted means by which neutrophils carry out thei...

We present a comprehensive analysis for the determination of the confusion levels for the current and the next generation of far-infrared surveys assuming three different cosmological evolutionary scenarios. We include an extensive model for diffuse emission from infrared cirrus in order to derive absolute sensitivity levels taking into account the source confusion noise due to point sources, t...

“obligation”, “dette” and “droit personnel” are three important and correlative legal terms in civil law that have been introduce into persian legal literature with improper translation. the failure to distinguish them from common terms in islamic jurisprudence like “dein” and “eltezam” have caused conceptual confusion between special terms of two great legal systems: civil law and islamic law....