Canada’s innocence compensation framework is inadequate and unjust. To secure for the myriad harms caused to them by miscarriages of justice, wrongfully convicted in Canada can either rely on civil suits adjudicated standards deferential state actors with remote prospects recovery, or must subject themselves entirely discretionary assessments ex gratia payments executive. In this paper, I provi...

In this paper, we analyse how the prospect of international negotiations over transboundary pollution shapes intra-country transfer schemes when the governments of the countries’polluting regions are in charge of environmental policy and negotiations. Federal governments can implement compensation payments between domestic regions and matching grants prior to the international negotiations betw...

Although the workers' compensation program covered more workers and paid more in benefits in 1981 than it did a year earlier, the rise in both of these indicators was slightly smaller than those in 1980 and considerably smaller than the increases that took place in the 1970's. Employers paid $22.9 billion in premiums in 1981, less than 3 percent more than the previous year and the smallest annu...

This paper covers nonmarket services provided by farmers for recreational purposes in several Central European regions. A regionally specified general equilibrium model is used to derive the efficiency conditions for a competitive equilibrium to guarantee a Pareto optimal outcome. Moreover, we present green agricultural compensation programmes in Europe and their assessment from an economic per...

BACKGROUND Data are lacking on the proportion of physicians who face malpractice claims in a year, the size of those claims, and the cumulative career malpractice risk according to specialty. METHODS We analyzed malpractice data from 1991 through 2005 for all physicians who were covered by a large professional liability insurer with a nationwide client base (40,916 physicians and 233,738 phys...

Background Created in 1913, the California workers’ compensation system constitutionally guarantees workers the right to compensation for workplace injuries, including coverage of medical treatment required to “cure and relieve” the injury. When injured workers are unable to work or suffer severe injuries, they also may receive indemnity benefits in the form of temporary or permanent disability...

In the practice of watershed ecological compensation, due to inconsistency between interests economic development and objectives protection, there are typical game characteristics among relevant stakeholders. Taking compensation Henan Shaanxi in Yellow River Basin as an example, this paper constructs evolutionary model, obtains external conditions for various stakeholders achieve stable coopera...

Network goods and platform-enabled marketplaces are a dominant part of industry and entrepreneurship today. Firms selling these products task selling agents to recruit network participants. This creates a novel agency problem, distinct from one encountered with traditional goods because of externalities created by network effects. We analyze this managerial problem within a principal-agent fram...