The new demand for rurality raises issues: it is no longer a question of sustaining traditional agricultural model based exclusively on productivity and profit maximisation, but rather agriculture strongly oriented towards the production non-commodity outputs that very often have characteristics externalities or public goods. Based these assumptions, paper intends to frame role multifunctional ...

The Internet is rapidly growing in number of users, traffic volume, and topological complexity. At the same time it is increasingly driven by economic competition. These developments render it more difficult, and yet more critical, to characterize network usage and workload trends, and point to the need for a high performance monitoring system that can provide workload data to Internet users an...

In this paper we propose an endogenous growth model of commodity-rich economies in which: (i) long-run (steady-state) growth is endogenous and yet independent of commodity prices; (ii) commodity prices affect short-run growth through transitional dynamics; and (iii) the status of net commodity importer/exporter is endogenous. We argue that these predictions are consistent with historical eviden...

In this paper, we propose a commodity pricing model that extends Gibson-Schwartz two-factor model to incorporate the effect of linear relations among commodity prices, which include co-integration under certain conditions. We derive futures and call option pricing formulae, and show that unlike Duan and Pliska (2004), the linear relations among commodity prices, or the error correction term, sh...

In this paper, based on a description of the four major players of commodity spot and futures markets, we establish a multi-phase equilibrium model of price determination, and then analyze the influence of the entry of a large number of index investors on the risk premium, inventory management, and different traders’ positions of commodity futures. The result shows that, the correlation between...

accordingly, this study attempts to present an effective tool based on the securitized commodity murabahah and to fulfill its feasibility study.  the overall structure of the tool is such that the banks with surplus funds, at first, reallocate their resources to banks in deficit by commodity murabahah program and then convert their demands from those banks to securitized commodity murabahah, an...