Couplings of microscopic stochastic models to deterministic macroscopic ordinary and partial differential equations are commonplace in numerous applications such as catalysis, deposition processes, polymeric flows, biological networks and parametrizations of tropical and open ocean convection. In this paper we continue our study of the class of prototype hybrid systems presented in [8]. These m...

We present a decision model designed to help policy-makers understand the disruptive impact of temporary closures of a container seaport on the supply chains that it supports. Such closures may have numerous possible causes, but security-related disruptions are of particular relevance today. Importantly, temporary closures result in highly variable product delivery leadtimes, increasing invento...

Models of infectious diseases are characterized by a phase transition between extinction and persistence. A challenge in contemporary epidemiology is to understand how the geometry of a host's interaction network influences disease dynamics close to the critical point of such a transition. Here we address this challenge with the help of moment closures. Traditional moment closures, however, do ...

OBJECTIVES To identify epidemiological determinants of the contact behaviour of children and their impact on parental employment, during school closures that took place over the course of the 2009 pandemic influenza (H1N1-2009) in Japan. METHODS A retrospective survey was conducted in Japanese households between October 2009 and May 2010 by administration of a standardized questionnaire. Demo...

Parameterizations of turbulence often predict several lower-order moments and make closure assumptions for higher-order moments. In principle, the lowand high-order moments share the same probability density function (PDF). One closure assumption, then, is the shape of this family of PDFs. When the higher-order moments involve both velocity and thermodynamic scalars, often the PDF shape has bee...

Rewriting is a computational process in which one term is derived from another by replacing a subterm with another subterm in accordance with a set of rules. If such a set of rules (rewrite system) has the property that no derivation can continue indefinitely, it is said to be terminating. Showing termination is an important component of theorem proving and of great interest in programming lang...

We study closures of hierarchical models which are exponential families associated with hypergraphs by decomposing the corresponding interaction spaces in a natural and transparent way. Here, we apply general results on closures of exponential families. Index Terms – Closure of exponential family, graphical model, hierarchical model, interaction order.

OVERVIEW Eight years of octopus fishery records from southwest Madagascar reveal significant positive impacts from 36 periodic closures on: (a) fishery catches and (b) village fishery income, such that (c) economic benefits from increased landings outweigh costs of foregone catch. Closures covered ~20% of a village's fished area and lasted 2-7 months. FISHERY CATCHES FROM EACH CLOSED SITE Oct...

To expand the toolbox available to network science, we study the isomorphism between distance and Fuzzy (proximity or strength) graphs. Distinct transitive closures in Fuzzy graphs lead to closures of their isomorphic distance graphs with widely different structural properties. For instance, the All Pairs Shortest Paths (APSP) problem, based on the Dijkstra algorithm, is equivalent to a metric ...

Although the current H1N1 influenza strain is now considered to be relatively mild, it still has the potential to place a serious burden on health services. The closure of schools has been postulated as a means of reducing transmission between children and hence reducing the number of cases at the peak of an epidemic; however if instigated nationally such a policy has severe economic costs. Rea...