BACKGROUND Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) have a pivotal role not only in abrogating autoimmune disease, but also in tumor immune escape. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the relative expression of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (FOXP3) and micrometastasis in the regional lymph nodes (RLNs) of patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer ...

The study represents a comprehensive retrospective morphological and immunohistochemical profiling of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) in order to reveal the associations between morphological and molecular parameters. The local tumour spread (T), presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes (N) and distant organs (M), tumour grade (G) and resection line status (R) by pathology fin...

Currently, fine-needle aspiration is the most frequently used pre-operative technique for diagnosis of malignant thyroid tumors, however, pathologists are unable to reach efficient and accurate differential diagnoses between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. To aid in resolving this issue, immunohistochemistry for galectins (gal)-1, -3, -7, -8, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), Hector Battifora Mesoth...

BACKGROUND Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the blood of cancer patients may have prognostic and predictive significance. However, background expression of 'tumor specific markers' in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) may confound these studies. The goal of this study was to identify the origin of Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and HER-2 signal in PBMC and suggest an approach to enh...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The failure to reduce the mortality of patients with solid tumours is mainly a result of the early dissemination of cancer cells to secondary site, which is usually missed by conventional diagnostic procedures used for tumour staging. The possibility to use easily accessible body fluids as a source for circulating tumour cells (CTCs) detection enables longitudinal observatio...

PURPOSE Free plasma RNA has been scarcely studied in patients with cancer. Here we examine the presence of RNA from epithelial tumors in plasma from a series of breast cancer patients and its correlation with tumor characteristics and circulating tumor cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN beta-actin mRNA was analyzed to check the viability of plasma RNA in samples from 45 patients with breast cancer an...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CK19 expression in the primary lesions of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma on the diagnosis of the cervical lymph node (CLN) metastasis using the 1-step nucleic acid amplification assay. METHODS Primary lesions and 54 CLNs were resected from 21 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma between 2009 and 2011....

Using a reconstituted skin culture model we have analysed the effects of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) and mutant TP53 genes on the proliferation and differentiation of human keratinocytes. Immortal cell lines generated by transfection of early passage normal human keratinocytes with HPV16 E7 plus mutant human TP53 (KN #1), HPV16 E7/E6 (KN #2), or HPV16 E7 plus murine p53 (KN #3) were ex...

Breast cancer (BC) has varied morphological and biological features and is classified based on molecular and morphological examinations. Molecular classification of BC is based on biological gene-expression profiling. In this study, biomarker modulation was assessed during BC treatment in 30 previously untreated patients. Heterogeneity among patients was pathologically diagnosed and classified ...