Systems that exhibit flexible dynamics are susceptible to vibration caused by changes in the reference command, as well as, from external disturbances. Feedback control is an obvious choice to deal with these vibrations, but in many cases, it is insufficient or difficult to implement. Input shaping has proven beneficial for reducing vibration that is caused by changes in the reference command. ...

BACKGROUND Clustering of outcomes at centers involved in multicenter trials is a type of center effect. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Statement recommends that multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCTs) should account for center effects in their analysis, however most do not. The Early External Cephalic Version (EECV) trials published in 2003 and 2011 stratified by center ...

We report the results of a prospective randomised controlled trial of the management of 101 Colles' fractures in patients over the age of 55 years. Within two weeks of initial reduction 43 fractures had displaced with either more than 10 degrees dorsal angulation or more than 5 mm radial shortening. These patients were randomly divided into two groups: 21 were remanipulated and held by an exter...

When a complex dynamical system is externally disturbed, the statistical moments of signals associated to it can be affected in ways that depend on the nature and amplitude of the perturbation. In systems that exhibit phase transitions, the statistical moments can be used as Early Warnings (EW) of the transition. A natural question is thus to wonder what effect external disturbances have on the...

BACKGROUND Existing studies regarding women's experiences surrounding an External Cephalic Version (ECV) report on women who have a persistent breech post ECV and give birth by caesarean section, or on women who had successful ECVs and plan for a vaginal birth. There is a paucity of understanding about the experience of women who attempt an ECV then plan a vaginal breech birth when their baby r...

OBJECTIVES If success rate of external cephalic version (ECV) increases, the rate of primary caesarean sections -declines. The aims of this retrospective cohort study were to evaluate the ECV and to identify factors associated with the success rate of ECV for breech presentation at term. The second aim of this study was to analyse the outcome of labour of all patients with a foetus in breech ne...

Study sample Power calculations were not used to determine the sample size. The study sample consisted of 68 patients (out of 73) with breech presentation and a mean (SD) age of 28.6 (3.8) years who agreed to a second attempt at external cephalic version under epidural anaesthesia. (Initially 169 patients out of 171 (3.1% of 5453 births) with breech presentation agreed to undergo an attempt at ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the differences in hip external rotation (ER) strength and inner, outer, and total hip ER range of motion (ROM) between dancers and non-dancers and between left and right sides in each group. METHODS Seventy one subjects (34 dancers and 37 non-dancers) volunteered for this study. The strength (truncated range average torque (TRAT), work, and angle specific torque (AST))...

To investigate the nature of external noise exclusion, we compared central spatial precuing effects in 16 conditions that varied the amount of external noise, the number of signal stimuli, the number of locations masked by external noise, and the number and style of frames surrounding potential target locations. In the absence of external noise, precuing produced only marginal performance impro...

This paper uses a structural VAR model to quantify the extent of international dependence of several emerging markets in Asia and Latin America. A sizable fraction of macroeconomic fluctuations in emerging markets is attributable to external shocks (in many cases more than 50%). External factors are dichotomized into “U.S. monetary policy” and “everything else” shocks. This further decompositio...