PURPOSE To analyze how carbonated thin liquids affected the physiology of swallowing in dysphagic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS 40 patients were analyzed; 36 were neurologically impaired. During a therapeutic videoradiographic swallowing examination the patients had to swallow liquids with the following consistencies three times: thin, thickened and carbonated. The liquids were given in dose...

Foods and drinks are essential for a healthy active life. Sugar-sweetened carbonated have grown in popularity cost, though they been linked with several cardiovascular diseases dental problems, hence the need non-sugar-sweetened drinks. This study was carried out to develop Beetroot-enriched Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zobo) drink evaluate its nutrient content consumer′s acceptability. Dry calyces bee...

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentrations (FeNO) are elevated in asthmatic children and have been used inter alia to guide inhaled corticosteroid treatment in children [1]. Caffeine consumption might influence FeNO independently of asthma and more than one plausible mechanism has been identified. Studies in adults have reported changes in FeNO within 1 h of caffeine ingestion but the resul...

AIM The aim of the study was to assess caffeine intake from cola beverages and energy drinks, as well as the consumption frequency among primary-school-age children in relation to other dietary habits. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 329 children (aged 11-13 years) from five randomly selected schools in Warsaw. Caffeine intake was assessed from a food frequency questionnaire. The face...

results according to the study results, noise levels in a co2 plant’s house and control room ranged from 88 to 102 db and 79 to 82 db (a), respectively. in order to reduce the amount of emitted noise in the co2 plant house and control room, a noise control plan was implemented in each part of the facility; it was met with effective results. conclusions the findings of this investigation have cl...

Non-carbonated, low-calorie soft drink concentrates (cordials), when diluted according to manufacturers' instructions, had significant antibacterial effects in vitro. Bacteria affected include Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Shigella sonnei, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. With vibrios, bacterial counts were reduced from 10(6)/ml to undetectable numbers in less than 10 min. ...

One of the most profound results of globalization has been the rapid rise in the number of Western-style fast food outlets around the world, particularly in Asian countries. The world’s largest fast food restaurant company, Yum! Brands Inc., operates nearly 38 000 restaurants (including KFC and Pizza Hut) around the world in more than 110 countries and territories, with 4650 fast food outlets i...

W investigate the impact of rivals’ product innovation and new advertising on a firm’s financial market value in mature product markets. Our test bed is the carbonated soft drink market between 1999 and 2003, a period characterized by a near duopoly between Coca-Cola and Pespi. Empirically, we focus on new product announcements as a proxy of product innovation and on filed trademarks as a measu...