The Tomographic Ionized-Carbon Mapping Experiment (TIME) and TIME-Pilot are proposed imaging spectrometers to measure reionization and large scale structure at redshifts 5–9. We seek to exploit the 158 μm restframe emission of [CII], which becomes measurable at 200–300 GHz at reionization redshifts. Here we describe the scientific motivation, give an overview of the proposed instrument, and hig...

BACKGROUND The changes in land use and land cover have a strong effect on the total soil organic carbon, its fractions and its overall soil health. This study carried out in Olesharo Catchment, Kenya, was to quantify the differences in total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral organic carbon (MOC) and carbon management index (CMI) among four land use types: grassland...

Single-walled carbon nanohorns have been used to construct an aptasensor for the first time. This novel aptasensor was successfully used for the detection of thrombin with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity. This thrombin aptasensor has a detection limit of as low as 100 pM.

In the tropics, shifting cultivation has long been attributed to large scale forest degradation, and remains a major source of uncertainty in forest carbon accounting. In the Philippines, shifting cultivation, locally known as kaingin, is a major land-use in upland areas. We measured the distribution and recovery of aboveground biomass carbon along a fallow gradient in post-kaingin secondary fo...

Fuel reduction treatments prescribed in fire-suppressed forests of western North America pose an apparent paradox with respect to terrestrial carbon management. Such treatments have the immediate effect of reducing forest carbon stocks but likely reduce future carbon losses through the combustion and mortality caused by high-severity wildfires. Assessing the long-term impact of fuel treatment o...

Soil infertility is the main barrier to dryland agricultural production in China. To provide a basis for the establishment of a soil amelioration technical system for rainfed fields in the semiarid area of northwest China, we conducted a four-year (2007-2011) field experiment to determine the effects of wheat straw incorporation on the arid soil nutrient levels of cropland cultivated with winte...

This study explores the potential of visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy for online measurement of soil organic carbon (SOC). It also attempts to explore correlations and similarities between the spatial distribution of SOC and normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) of a wheat crop. The online measurement was carried out in a clay vertisol field covering 10 ha of area in K...

One method of increasing forest carbon stocks that is often discussed is increasing stocking levels on existing forested lands. However, estimates of the potential increases in forest carbon sequestration as a result of increased stocking levels are not readily available. Using the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis data coupled with the Forest Vegetation Simulator, we estimate...

lasses of lipoproteins were determined during the course of these injections. A marked increase in concentration of these three classes of lipoproteins occurred during the administration of carl)on tetra(hloride. After the cessation of this drug, the lipoproteins of largest Sf rate returned to normal first with those of lower Sf rate returning to normal levels in the order of decreasing Sf rate...

Sydnones, which contain a mesoionic five-membered heterocyclic ring, are more stable if synthesized with an aromatic substutuent at the N3 position. In the title compound {sys-tematic name: 4-acetyl-3-[2-(eth-oxy-carbon-yl)phen-yl]-1,2,3-oxa-diazol-3-ylium-5-olate}, C13H12N2O5, the aromatic substitutent is 2-(eth-oxy-carbon-yl)phenyl. Intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds are observed. The ...