The paper describes the development of the computer literacy scale (CLS), an objective knowledge test estimating the ability to understand ICT related symbols, functional elements and interaction patterns as an essential aspect of computer literacy that reliably predicts successful ICT interaction. The original version (CLS-ST) was developed as a paper & pencil questionnaire and has been used i...

A study on the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane using lignin and lignosulfonate oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fillers have been carried out. This aims to determine additional effect of PVDF membrane. Lignin sulfonation has a good result proven by Fourier transform infrared spectra with peak at 1192 cm−1 which indicates sulfonate group. The degree was increased 8.9% for lignosulfonat...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the occurrence of cardiac-locomotor synchronization (CLS) improves lower leg muscle blood perfusion during walking. [Subjects and Methods] Eleven healthy men were studied while performing two treadmill protocols. The CLS protocol involved subjects walking at the frequency of their heart rate (HR) to induce CLS. The free protocol (re...

Two multivariate calibration methods are compared for the simultaneous chromatographic determination and separation of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Phthalazine (PHZ) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Multivariate calibration techniques such as Classical Least Squares (CLS) and Inverse Least Squares (ILS) were introduced into HPLC to determine the quantification by using UV d...

We examined the ovaries of 44 Wistar Hannover (RccHan(TM):WIST) (WH) and 30 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 32-weeks of age to determine whether the ovarian structure and formation/regression of the corpora lutea (CLs) differ between the two strains. The average ovary weight was higher in WH rats. The average number of all CLs, including currently formed and previously formed CLs, was higher in WH ...

Porous carbon materials (PCs) were prepared via hydrothermal carbonization from calcium lignosulfonate (CL) based on enzymatic hydrolysis and alkali activation. The effects of different KOH feeding ratios the structure electrochemical properties CL (EHCL)-derived PCs evaluated in detail. results showed that EHCL-derived a higher SSA than CL. When mass ratio KOH/EHCL was 3/2, exhibited honeycomb...

Critical loads (CLs) define maximum atmospheric deposition levels apparently preventative of ecosystem harm. We present first nitrogen CLs for northwestern North America's maritime forests. Using multiple linear regression, we related epiphytic-macrolichen community composition to: 1) wet deposition from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program, 2) wet, dry, and total N deposition from the C...

The aim of this investigation was to establish median performance profiles for the six playing positions in elite women's indoor hockey and then identify whether these position-specific profiles could discriminate between qualifying (top four), mid-table and relegated teams in the 2011-2012 England Hockey premier league. Successful passing in relegated teams was significantly lower (P < 0.008) ...

R esearchers at the Cleveland Clinic have identified what appears to be a powerful gene predictor for cancer among some patients with Cowden syndrome (CS) or Cowden-like syndrome (CLS) — rare, inherited conditions characterized in part by the presence of benign neoplasms throughout the body. Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in December, the findings show that up to 8...