This study was designed to determine the effects of storage condition and period on mold-yeast, aflatoxin, E. coli O157 in wet sugar beet pulp (WSBP). For this aim, samples were taken from first production WSBP factory (Control) newly packaged sacks packaging company (Packaged Control). Afterwards, additional two stored as (Packaged) surrounded by a nylon cover outside near barn (Non-packaged) ...

A survey was conducted in the five rice-growing regions in Guyana to determine the presence of aflatoxins in multiple fractions of rice in June/October 2015 growing season. The fractions were paddy, steamed paddy, cargo rice, white rice and parboiled rice. Samples were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. A subset of the samples was further analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent...

Dried figs collected from various exporting companies (2,461 samples) and local stores (219 samples) were analyzed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to determine and compare the incidence of aflatoxins, the effectiveness of the regulation limits and monitoring system to select non-compliant samples and the mean daily aflatoxin exposures. The incidence rates of...

A total of 65 maize grain samples , from 7 maize producing areas of Pakistan, were assayed for 14 toxicologically significant mycotoxins viz., aflatoxin B1 (AfB1), aflatoxin B2 (AfB2), aflatoxin G1 (AfG1), aflatoxin G2 (AfG2), zearalenone (ZON), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3A-DON), 15acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15A-DON), nivalenol (NIV), T-2 toxin (T-2), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), diacetox...

Anti-idiotypic antibodies recognize the antigenic determinants of an antibody, thus they can be used as surrogate antigens. Single-domain antibodies from camlid heavy-chain antibodies with the benefit features of small size, thermostability, and ease in expression, are leading candidates to produce anti-idiotypic antibodies. In this work, we constructed an antibody phage library from the mRNA o...

Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic polyketide metabolites produced by fungal species, including Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The biosynthesis of aflatoxins is modulated by many environmental factors, including the availability of a carbon source. The gene expression profile of A. parasiticus was evaluated during a shift from a medium with low concentration of simple sugars, yeast e...

Aspergillus flavus is one of the major producers of aflatoxin and can contaminate wide range of agricultural commodities either in field or in storage. 15 presumptive Aspergillus flavus has been isolated from 30 feed and grain samples. All the isolates were morphologically similar to Aspergillus flavus type strains. All the isolates were found to be aflatoxigenic. DNA sequencing of 5.8 s rDNA c...

MS/MS daughter experiments were recorded for aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, M2, and aflatoxicol, using 3 ionization modes. Daughters were recorded from the molecular ion (M+) using electron impact ionization (EI). Daughters from the protonated molecules (MH+) were recorded in the positive ion mode and the daughters from the molecular anion (M-) were recorded in the negative ion mode using chemi...

By using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, four monoclonal antibodies were selected after fusion of mouse P3-NS1-Ag4-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from BALB/c mice that had been immunized with aflatoxin Ml (AFMI) conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Two of these antibodies were found to be specific for AFMI and were designated AMW-1 and AMW-4. The specificities of AMW-1...

Apart from its presence in primary agricultural products, aflatoxin and its metabolites may be detected in animal tissues and milk. As the aflatoxins are toxic and extremely carcinogenic, control of food contamination with them is imperative. Either the primary aflatoxins (H 1,B2, G1 andG2) or their metabolites (M1 and M2) have been recovered from several animal tissues and milk. The bio-assay ...