the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of additives, poly(ethylene glycol) (peg) 1450, poloxamer 407, polyvinyl alcohol (pva) and sodium chloride in order to improve physico-chemical characteristics, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release of bovine serum albumin, form poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) microparticles prepared by the w/o/w solvent evaporation method...

We evaluated pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) induced by new formulations of tramadol (TR) in thermoreversible gels. The poloxamer- (PL-) tramadol systems were prepared by direct dispersion of the drug in solutions with PL 407 and PL 188. The evaluated formulations were as follows: F1: TR 2% in aqueous solution and F2: PL 407 (20%) + PL 188 (10%) + TR 2%; F3: PL 407 (25%) + PL 18...

2 In 1998, the OECD initiated a high-priority activity, to revise existing Test Guidelines and to develop new Test Guidelines for the screening and testing of potential endocrine disruptors (8). One element of the activity was to update the existing OECD guideline for “repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rodents” (TG 407) by parameters suitable to detect endocrine activity of test subst...

Oligonucleotides (ODNs) do not readily get access to their desired site (cytoplasm/nucleus) of action due to their high hydrophility and high molecular weight. Therefore enhancing components (carriers) are needed. Most widely used in vitro are cationic lipids (liposomes). Other systems include peptide conjugates or complexes, polymers and nanoparticles. We used cationic lipids and polymers, wit...

Subunit vaccines typically show insufficient immunogenicity. To address this issue, we developed a novel self-adjuvanting particulate carrier system based upon the lipids phytantriol (Phy) and mannide monooleate (MaMo). Phy is a lipid known to form nonlamellar phases in fully hydrated systems, whereas MaMo has been found to promote immune responses in emulsion form. A bulk phase composition of ...

The aims of this study were to prepare a thermosensitive composite hydrogel (TCH) by mixing 24% (w/v) poloxamer 407 (P407), 16% (w/v) poloxamer 188 (P188) and 0.1% (w/v) carbopol 940 (C940), and to determine the effect of natural borneol/ (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (NB/HP-β-CD) inclusion complex on the phase transition temperature, mechanical, rheological properties, and release behaviors...

Block copolymers are increasingly being applied in areas such as transfection, membrane sealing, site-specific targeting, and bionanoengineering yet there is a relative paucity of assays available for simple, stable and reproducible colorimetric determination of copolymer concentration in solution. We have focused on improving the accuracy and reproducibility of a modified version of the Stewar...

abduction [661]. abort [422]. abort-aware [422]. ABS [455]. Abstract [435, 620, 132, 419, 481, 425, 131, 122, 551]. Abstraction [597, 182, 489, 621, 323, 382, 123, 429, 359, 205, 326, 234, 407, 385, 325, 510, 40, 426]. abstraction-based [326, 325]. Abstraction-guided [489]. abstraction-refinement [407]. abstraction/refinement [359]. abstractions [406, 217, 618, 664, 321]. ABZ [642]. acceleratio...

We investigated the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) and their possible involvement in the regulation of cell proliferation in four colon cancer cell lines (SNU-61, SNU-81, SNU-407, and SNU-1033) derived from Korean colon carcinoma patients. A ligand binding assay showed that all four cell lines expressed mAChRs. Treatment of the four cell lines with the cholinergic ago...

Triglyceride (TG), a water-insoluble energy-rich lipid, is secreted by the liver as part of very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) to supply energy to extrahepatic tissues. Overproduction of VLDL is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular heart disease; this has renewed an interest in factors that affect hepatic TG production. The TG production rate is determined by measuring temporal i...