The white pine cone beetle, Conophthorus coniperda, exhibited dose and enantiospecific responses to alpha-pinene in stands of mature eastern white pine, Pinus strobus, in a seed orchard near Murphy, North Carolina, USA. (-)-alpha-Pinene significantly increased catches of cone beetles to traps baited with (+/-)-trans-pityol. (+)-alpha-Pinene did not increase catches of beetles to pityol-baited t...

The centerline of the spinal canal holds interesting information which can be used for tasks such as segmenting the spinal canal or to track the progression of spinal deformities. We propose a method that extracts the centerline of the canal by a shortest path search in 4D, whereby dimensions correspond to 3D canal location and canal width. Our method requires only minimal user interaction in t...